Different mini emulsion polymerizations were carried out with the combination of different concentration of anionic surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or hydrophobic alkane such as (hexadecane), and/or different monomer ratios. The best comonomers composition that would lead to the best polymer latex properties to obtain nanoscale polymer latexes was studied. The polymer latexes in a size range between 156 and 65 nm by varying the SDS concentrations from 2 to 6 wt % were obtained, and also the particle size of the obtained polymer latexes decreases with the increases of hexadecane (HD) concentrations, and the best result was obtained with 4 wt % of a hexadecane. The best polymer latex properties in terms of particle size and binder softness were found in the best monomer ratio of BA:MMA:MAA (17.5:1.5:1.5) as the solid content was adapted to be 20%. Higher K/S values and improved crocking fastness are obtained with printing pastes containing prepared binder.
Accelerated electrons delivered by electron beam accelerator were used to fix pigment colors, incorporated in curable formulation containing diluting monomer and an oligomer, to cotton and polyester fabrics. Tetrahydrofurfurfryl acrylate monomer and trifunctional urethane-methacrylate (TFUMA) oligomer were used as curable base besides ethylene glycol. The fabrics were printed with these formulations and exposed to various doses of electron beam irradiation generated from the 1.5 MeV (25 kW) electron beam accelerator machine. The irradiation dose, formulation composition, and pigment color concentration were studied. The roughness and color fastness to rubbing, washing, and perspiration of the printed fabrics by electron beam irradiation, were compared to the same fabrics printed by conventional pigment printing pastes. The results showed that cotton and polyester fabrics printed with the pigment colors by electron beam irradiation displayed higher color strength than those fabrics printed by the conventional thermal curing at equal pigment color ratios depending on the kind of pigment color. The durability properties, in term of roughness, rubbing, washing, and perspiration of fabrics printed by electron beam irradiation are better than those printed by conventional thermal curing.
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