Nerium odorum, Linn. (Apocynaceae) is an important evergreen shrub. It is heat, salinity and drought tolerant. Plants with milky sap have medicinal value, mainly cardenolides, flavonoids and terpenes. It is used for wastewater purification and for restoration of riparian woodlands. In view of these facts, the study was conducted for micropropagation of N. odorum. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations (0.5-10.0 mg/l) of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin) were used singly and in combinations. Among all the growth hormones, 2,4-D was the best for callus induction (75% in stem and 79% in leaf) and in combination 2,4-D and BAP (78% in stem and 81% in leaf). The day of callus induction started from the 19th to the 37th day. This variation is due to the differences in culture conditions and the age of explants. The fresh and dry weight and moisture content showed good growth of callus, which is used in further studies of alkaloid production. Micropropagation of this plant allows the production of clones at a fast rate and in continuous manner. This work can lead to the development of an efficient protocol for callus induction and other issues.
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial property of crude, aqueous and organic solvent extract from leaf, stem and root parts of two different var. of Catharanthus roseus (i.e. "rosea" and "alba") under in vitro conditions on various human pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activity of crude (fresh), aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and equimolar (1:1) mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extract of variety "rosea" and "alba" was evaluated against various pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disk diffusion method under in vitro conditions. Results:Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative. Dried extracts of root, stem and leaf of C. roseus var. "rosea" and "alba" plants showed maximum antibacterial potency against all the test microorganisms. The equimolar mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extracts of species "rosea" and "alba" exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus as compare to extract prepared from individual parts. The findings of the ethanolic mixture of dried leaves of the two varieties on the tested bactera confirm that the effect is potentiating which may be synergistic or additive. Conclusion:From the findings, it could be inferred that C. roseus var. "rosea" and "alba" could be efficiently used in the development of new lifesaving drugs against bacterial pathogens.
Rauvolfia serpentina is a medicinal plant of family Apocynaceae. For centuries since pre-Vedic period it has been used for different medicinal purposes in India and Malaysia. Its preparations have been reported for treatment of fever, snake bite and insanity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5750
Aim: To investigate the effect of Rhus toxicodendron (30CH) along with different compositions of phytohormones (Auxin and Cytokinin) on the basis of growth and multiplication of explants under optimum temperature under in-vitro conditions. Study Design: To establish and design the standard protocol for the in-vitro propagation through leaf explant of Scoparia dulcis under stress of phytohormones and homeopathic medicine Rhus toxicodendron (30CH). Place and Duration of Study: The plant materials were procured from the Herbal Botanical Garden Patna Science College, Department of Botany, Patna University, Patna, Bihar. The experimental part was carried out in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, between December 2017 to August 2018 in Department of Botany P.U. Patna. Methodlogy: The sterilized leaf explants were inoculated into MS media fortified with different phytohormones (Auxin and Cytokinin) and Rhus tox(30CH) under aseptic environmental conditions for the growth and development of callus, embryoids etc. Result: The explants in MS medium supplemented with auxins phytohormones and Rhus tox(30CH) exhibited that IAA (0.10 to 2.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.10 to 2.5 mg/l) induces green and compact calli. Whereas at 0.30mg/l of IAA and 0.50 mg/l BAP induced brown friable calli. 2,4-D (1.5 mg/l) and Kinetin (1.5-6.5mg/l) concentrations induced brown and friable calli. Rhus tox(30CH) (100 µl/100 ml) enhances proliferation with 2,4-D and Kinetin (1.5/1.5 mg/l.). Conclusion: After 42 days of culture initiation and establishment the callus was 520.0±1.12 mg in the mixture of 2,4-D and Kinetin (1.5 mg/l) in Rhus tox free medium. Whereas weight of callus were found to be 1092±0.74 mg after 42 days in the same medium of 2, 4-D and Kinetin (1.5/5.5 mg/l) supplemented with Rhus tox (100 µl/100 ml). Hence, the investigation proponded that the Rhus tox (CH30) has increased the rate of callus development and plantlet regeneration.
Allelopathic effects of roots, stems and leaves extract of Parthenium hysterophorus on the seed germination of Cassia tora and Croton bonplandianum and vice-versa have been worked out. The extracts of Cassia and Croton significantly suppressed the germination of P. hysterophorus. Increase in extract concentration promoted the inhibitory potential.
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