There is a limited genetic variability available in genetic resources of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which restricted the breeding activity. The objective of present study was evaluating the genetic variability in RIL population derived through intraspecific hybridization between RHAP 12 and RHAP 15 genotypes. The 222 RIL were evaluated during kharif 2018 at University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad. The RILs were evaluated for agronomic and fibre quality traits such as plant height (cm), number of monopodial branches, number of sympodia branches, boll per plant, seed cotton yield per plant (g), seed Index (g), boll weight (g), lint index(g), ginning out turn (%), fiber strength (g/text), fiber length (mm), micronaire value (µg/inch), maturity coefficient (%), fiber elongation (%) and fiber uniformity ratio (%). The RIL were exhibited the large variation for seed cotton yield per plant i.e. PCV of 34.44 per cent and GCV of 28.05 per cent. Similarly number of bolls per plant also exhibited the high genetic variation with PCV and GCV of 28.26 and 21.34 per cent respectively. Even though after utilizing diverse parents in hybridization program observed the limited variability with respect to fibre quality traits. The high heritability and genetic advance over the mean registered in seed cotton yield per plant indicating that additive gene action. The desirable association with yield was found between number of bolls per plant, number of sympodia per plant, boll weight and maturity ratio. It is concluded that RIL population had high potential for enhancing the yield and fibre quality traits. K e y w o r d sCotton, Recombinant inbred lines (RIL), phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation

Two elite cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), GPBD 4 and G 2-52, with high productivity, oil content, resistance to late leaf spot [Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. & Curt) V. Arx.] (LLS) and rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) diseases were improved for oleic acid content using marker-assisted backcrossing. Since both the recurrent parents already possessed the mutant allele at AhFAD2A, only mutant allele at AhFAD2B was transferred from the donor 'SunOleic 95R' (oleate of 80.6%). Three rounds of backcrossing with foreground selection using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assay identified a large number of plants homozygous for the mutant allele at AhFAD2B in BC n F 2 generations. Evaluation of the advanced generations could identify six and 10 lines with significantly higher oleate than GPBD 4 and G 2-52, respectively. Considering the yield, shelling percentage, oil, and oleate content, the most promising lines HOBC 2 GPS_7 and HOBC 2 G2S_5 were selected with 112 and 142% oleate recovery over GPBD 4 and G 2-52, respectively. Double digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing of these superior lines showed background genome recovery of 77.5 and 69.0%, respectively. These advanced breeding lines with high oleate (∼80%), resistance to LLS and rust and high productivity are under further trials for possible release as varieties for commercial cultivation. INTRODUCTIONPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an oilseed, food and fodder crop cultivated in >100 countries on an area of

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