Aim: To design a nanocarrier platform for enhanced transdermal drug permeation. Materials & methods: Gel-based high permeation vesicles (HPVs) were developed and their performance in terms of transdermal flux improvement, in vitro release and skin irritancy was assessed. The mechanistic insights of permeation enhancement were explored using confocal laser scanning microscopy, ATR-FTIR, DSC and P31 NMR. Results: HPVs exhibited as vesicles with uniform size (∼150 nm), extended drug-release profile (∼48 h) and improved transdermal flux. HPVs were also nontoxic and nonirritant to skin. Enhanced vesicle deformability, improved vesicle membrane fluidity and synergistic permeation enhancement action of synergistic combination of permeation enhancer components was found to be responsible for HPV-mediated permeation enhancement. Conclusion: Overall, the study established that HPVs demonstrate a promising therapeutic advantage over conventional transdermal drug carriers.
The present investigation substantiates the efficacy of adapalene loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Ada-SLNs) in ameliorating the skin irritation potential of adapalene owing to its altered skin distribution.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.