Nurses working in private and public sector hospitals and other health-care facilities around the world play a critical role in ensuring patient safety and quality of service. Therefore, it is essential to understand the challenges they face on the job that may contribute to dissatisfaction and hamper performance. A study of 129 registered nurses in Pakistan investigated the impact of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and found that a climate of informality significantly buffered the negative effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction among nurses. Working with these findings, health-care managers can make the case for policies to foster an informal and supportive working climate that will not only contribute to employees' job satisfaction, but also improve the quality of the service they deliver to their patients.
<p align="left"><em>Normally, effectiveness of any object or thing is judged by two values; intrinsic and instrumental. To compare intrinsic value of education with instrumental value, this study has used the following variables: getting knowledge for its own sake, getting knowledge for social status, getting knowledge for job or business endeavor and getting knowledge for both purposes, which is for its own sake and also for job, business or status. For this research quantitative method was used and a questionnaire was deployed to collect responses from 465 bachelor degree students from all over Pakistan (combining all provinces including Gilgit & AJK). It was found that the students gave mixed responses of acknowledging both values of education during the survey. The research has significant relationship between each of its independent and dependent variables, although the strength of those relationships was weak in nature. However, 60% of the respondents when asked whether they will get their first or bachelor’s degree even if there is no instrumental value attached with it, responded in affirmative. This concludes that bachelor degree students in Pakistan give more value to intrinsic nature of education than its instrumental value. </em></p>
Historically, entrepreneurship played a central role in the economic development of Taiwan. Therefore, small and medium sized enterprises are considered a backbone of the Taiwanese economy. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the role of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of non-technical innovation of SMEs, human resource productivity of SMEs and government policies regarding SMEs in the future economic development of Taiwan and to analyze the SMEs role in terms of its social and economic impact and finally to produce conclusive statements based on the final observations. This research is based on transaction cost theory and it was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. The research is qualitative with an inductive approach in nature. Final findings were based on five observations; the first three observations showed that there was a definite relationship between non-technical innovation, human resource productivity and government policies regarding SMEs with the future economic development of Taiwan and the remaining mentioned that the annual sales share of SMEs in Taiwan was only 30% in 2012 and export sales share was only 17.74%; but on the social front, SMEs accommodated more than 79% of workforce in Taiwan. These observations are combined to produce final statement of this research.
The research was conducted in order to understand the social capital phenomenon in terms of family, friends and community organization networking and how it has an impact on the career development of young business graduates in Karachi. The theories of Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam were analyzed in order to grasp the field of social capital. The data was collected through a questionnaire from three universities (i.e. SZABIST, SMI, and IQRA) and total numbers of 114 respondents were added in the research. It was found through this study that respondents give more value to networking within the community organization and little less value to family and friends networking. The weaker relationship was observed between family networking and career development of young business graduates and the slightly better correlation was found between friends networking and career development of young business graduates. However, the moderate relationship manifested between community organization/s networking and career development of young business graduates in Karachi, Pakistan.
-This paper just tries to pour down my understanding on the relationship and influence between teacher competence and students" achievement. To evaluate this relationship and influence, it analyzes the concepts of competence, teacher competence, and the influences of teacher competence to increase the students" achievement. Hope, it will be an alternative way to reflect us as teachers to do our job professionally. Education is the ability to meet life"s situation, it is a character building process, enhancing one"s personality and making him/her rational, capable, responsive and intelligent. Competency standards are concerned with application of professional knowledge and skills within the workplace and are underpinned by teachers" professional values Competence is usually associated with highly professional performance and there is a direct link in the field of education between a teacher"s professional competence and pupil performance. The paper discusses teacher training and professional competencies and suggests the measures for enhancement and development.
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