The participatory relationship among the follicle size, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and cysteamine (antioxidant agent) contribute to the production of embryos characterized by abundance and good quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of FSH, cysteamine and follicle size on <em>in vitro</em> embryo production of Awassi sheep oocytes. Follicles sizes were determined into two groups: small follicles (1-2 mm) and large follicles (&gt; 2 mm). Oocytes were matured across two increasingly shared levels of FSH and cysteamine: A (40 ng/ml + 50 μM) and B (60 ng/ml + 100 μM). Results of the bilateral interaction showed significant differences across the follicle size (large follicles group) and the maturation treatment (B medium) in the rates of fertilization (highest value: 67.51%; p= 0.02), cleavage (highest value: 65.41%; p= 0.01), 2-16 cell stage (lowest value: 2.29%; p= 0.0001), blastocyst stage (highest value: 44.82%; p= 0.04), down to morula stage arrest (lowest value: 55.17%; p= 0.04) and Type I embryos (highest value: 52.87%; p= 0.03). Likewise, matured oocytes of small follicles group (B medium) attained the highest rate of morula stage (56.60%; p= 0.03). No significant differences were observed in Type II and Type III embryos. In order to obtain high yields of good quality embryos, it is advised to add FSH and cysteamine with levels of 60 ng/ml and 100 μM respectively to maturation medium of ovine oocytes obtained from follicles with a diameter &gt; 2 mm.

With the advancement of the poultry industry, the basic need for the use of cryopreservation technology of poultry sperms has emerged, given that it is the basic technology that preserves the genetic resources of different breeds and establishes genetic banks that in turn contribute to the establishment of different strains and lines. The technology of cryopreservation of sperm has encountered many considerations and obstacles, as the impressions of this technique are divided into three topics, the first impression believes that this technique is largely unsuccessful, while the second suggests a great potential in the preservation process. The third impression believes that cryopreservation is an encouraging and promising operation shortly. Similar to the cryopreservation of sperm in mammals, two methods were used in poultry: the slow and rapid freezing (vitrification). In both types, similar results were obtained where the fertility rates of the sperm did not exceed 40%. Due to the morphological and physiological differences between poultry and mammals’ sperms, three cryoprotectants have been widely used in poultry cryopreservation: dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and glycerol, glycerol is the most widely used due to its molecular properties that contribute to maintaining the highest survival rate and fertility after freezing (high permeability and low cytotoxity). The main obstacle facing this technique remains in how to treat the remaining quantities of the aforementioned cryoprotectants, which lead to a decrease in the fertility capacity after freezing and during artificial insemination. The numerous protocols used, whether in slow or rapid freezing, greatly affected fertility rates, as both the equilibrium and freezing stages played a decisive role in obtaining the highest possible rates of fertility, vitality and survivability of the sperm after thawing. It is concluded from the current review that the cryopreservation technology of poultry sperm is still in a non-advanced stage and needs many new methods to contribute to raising the fertility capacity, vitality and survivability rates after freezing.

A total of 1800 broiler breeder , Ross 308 at 47 wks old , hatching eggs .Were used in the present study . Eggs were randomly distributed into 12 experimental treatments ,150 eggs pretreatment groups . The treatment groups were as follows :

A total of 1800 broiler breeder , Ross 308 at 47 wks old ,  hatching eggs .Were used in the present study . Eggs were randomly distributed into 12 experimental treatments ,150 eggs pretreatment groups . The treatment groups were as follows : T1 treatment without pre-incubation + 4 days eggs storage period T2 treatment without pre-incubation + 8 days eggs storage period T3 treatment without pre-incubation + 12 days eggs storage period T4 treatment 4 hours  pre-incubation + 4 days eggs storage period T5 treatment 4 hours  pre-incubation + 8 days eggs storage period T6 treatment 4 hours  pre-incubation + 12 days eggs storage period T7 treatment 8 hours  pre-incubation + 4 days eggs storage period T8 treatment 8 hours  pre-incubation + 8 days eggs storage period T9 treatment 8 hours  pre-incubation + 12 days eggs storage period T10 treatment 12 hours  pre-incubation + 4 days eggs storage period. T11 treatment 12 hours  pre-incubation +8 days eggs storage period T12 treatment 12 hours  pre-incubation + 12 days eggs storage period. Experimental parameters measured included : Fertility , hatchability percentage  from the total incubated eggs and from fertile eggs , hatching chicks length , weekly embryonic mortality ,piped eggs and quality evaluation of navel for hatching chicks . The results of this study showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in the rate of early embryonic mortality of the treatment which was pre- incubated for 8 hours and stored for 12 days compared to the treatment that was unpre-incubated and stored for 4 days, medium embryonic mortality  increased to a treatment which was pre-incubated for 8 hours and stored for 12 days compared to the treatment that was  pre-incubated for 8 hours and was stored for 4 days , the rate of piped eggs was significantly (P<0.05) increased to the treatment 4 hours pre-incubated  x 12 days storage compared to most others treatments. The percentage of hatched chicks its have the navel type A significantly (P<0.05)  increased for the treatment 4 hours × 4 days compared to the treatment 12 hour × 12 days , while significantly (P<0.05) decrease the percentage of  hatched chicks type  navel  B for treatment 0 hour × 4 days compared to the treatment 12 hour × 12 days , either quality type C It has significantly (P<0.05)  decreased for both treatments 4 hour ×4 days and 4 hour ×8 days compared to the treatment 12 hour × 12 days