Drought adaptation strategies of two bambara groundnut landraces, Uniswa Red and S19‐3, collected from contrasting environments in Africa, were compared. Our objectives were to investigate the relative significance of effective stomatal control induced by the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and osmotic adjustment in regulating plant water relations in general for this legume species. The ABA concentration [ABA] in the leaf increased linearly with declining relative leaf water content, and there were significantly higher [ABA] in Uniswa Red compared with S19‐3 at the final harvest in the drought‐stressed plants. Estimated by a linear‐plateau model, S19‐3 initiated the reduction in transpiration at a significantly lower soil water threshold (FTSW = 0.50 ± 0.024) than Uniswa Red (FTSW = 0.69 ± 0.023) indicating that the latter was more sensitive in reducing plant water use in response to soil drying. A similar trend was found for stomatal closure during soil drying, although the soil water thresholds at which relative stomatal conductance (gs) started to decline were not significantly different between the two landraces. By an early closure of stomata and hence an early reduction in transpiration rate during soil drying, Uniswa Red could be defined as a ‘water‐saver’ such that it maintains leaf water status to a great extent of soil water deficit. This strategy is important for survival during intermittent drought. While S19‐3 could be defined as a ‘water‐spender’ with a late closure of stomata, hence a late declining of transpiration rate during soil drying allowed the landrace to maximize its water use despite giving up its leaf water relations. Such drought response together with a fast phenological development of S19‐3 indicates that the landrace is capable of escaping from terminal drought while maximizing its water use and productivity when soil water is available.
Three hundred and ten (310) Bambara groundnut accessions mainly from the Northern semi arid zone of Burkina Faso were assessed for phenotypic variability of agronomic and morphological traits. Mixture of seed types in a given accession is common in Northern area of Burkina Faso. Two to twelve types of seeds compose the majority of accessions collected (82%) and only 18% of accessions are homogeneous. Characters like canopy spread, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed length, seed width and weight of 100 seeds are positively correlated to yield per plant. A negative correlation was revealed between days to 50% flowering and yield per plant indicating that plants which take more time on vegetative stage have less yield in semi-arid conditions of production. Accessions from Burkina assessed for agronomic and morphological characteristics in this study are less variable than 1384 accessions assessed by IITA in 1985 and 1986. This result can be explained by the restricted origin of accessions from Burkina Faso.
pour le Développement au Tchad, ont fait l'objet d'une étude comparative de leurs teneurs en polyphénols et en antioxydants totaux. Les teneurs en polyphénols totaux ont été déterminées par la méthode utilisant le réactif du Folin-Ciocalteu et les teneurs en antioxydants ont été évaluées par trois méthodes courantes, simples et disponibles : Trolox Equivalents Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), 1,1-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) et Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). L'étude a montré que les polyphénols, responsables de la couleur des péricarpes contribuent à 94% à la teneur en antioxydants totaux des extraits étudiés. Ainsi, à travers les comparaisons effectuées, les 17 variétés suivantes ont été sélectionnées comme étant les plus riches en polyphénols (≤ 4,536 mg d'EAG/g) et en antioxydants totaux (≤ 10,72 mg d'ET/g ; FRAP
Results are presented of studies conducted in the Central Valley of Costa Rica to support the in situ conservation of wild Lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus, prone to extinction as a result of growing urbanization and changes in agricultural and land use practices. To achieve the conservation objective, several investigations were conducted in the following areas: (i) ecogeography and metapopulation dynamics; (ii) population demography and phenology; (iii) floral biology and gene flow; (iv) genetic structure of populations using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers; and (v) in situ conservation methodologies. These investigations were made under the project 'Studies on breeding systems: the case of a short-living perennial, alternatively outbreeder-inbreeder species (P. lunatus) and its consequences for germplasm conservation', which ran in 2- to 4-year phases from 1992 to 2000 with funding from Belgium's Directorate General for Development Cooperation. It was a collaboration among three partners: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute's Regional Office for the Americas in Cali, Colombia, the Escuela de Biología of the Universidad de Costa Rica and the Unité de Phytotechnie tropicale et d'Horticulture of Gembloux Agricultural University, Belgium. Recommendations are given.
REMERCIEMENTS Nous exprimons notre profonde reconnaissance à la fondation Mcknight pour son soutien financier dans la réalisation de ce travail. RESUMELe voandzou constitue avec le niébé, les deux principales légumineuses alimentaires pour de nombreuses populations rurales et la frange pauvre des citadins au Burkina Faso. Cependant, des informations émanant de l'environnement de production de cette culture selon la perception des producteurs sont quasi inexistantes. Cette étude vise à s'informer au mieux des réalités sociales, environnementales et techniques qui entourent la production de cette culture. Les données collectées auprès des producteurs à l'aide des fiches d'enquêtes ont été soumises à une analyse fréquentielle. La culture du voandzou est pratiquée majoritairement par les femmes sur des petites superficies sans apport de fertilisants. Les maladies foliaires et les insectes de stock constituent les principales contraintes biotiques. Les producteurs conservent la semence dans des bidons fermés hermétiquement. Le cycle moyen des variétés cultivées est de 90 jours. La variété préférée est celle de couleur crème à hile blanc pour ses qualités organoleptiques, agronomiques et esthétiques. Le manque de sensibilisation sur la qualité nutritionnelle de la culture, l'insuffisance d'activités de recherche sur les techniques innovantes pour améliorer son système de production et les contraintes biotiques et abiotiques expliquent en grande partie la faible productivité et production de cette culture. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Culture, Voandzou, Burkina Faso, productivité. Overview of the culture of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) inBurkina Faso : Issues and prospects for improving its productivity ABSTRACT Bambara groundnut is, with cowpea, the two main food legumes for many rural and poor urban fringes in Burkina Faso. However, information from the production environment of this culture as perceived by A. OUOBA et al/ Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(2): 652-665, 2016 653 producers is almost nonexistent. This study aims at collecting information about social, environmental and technical realities surrounding the production of this crop. The data collected from producers using survey forms were subjected to a frequency analysis. Bambara groundnut cultivation is mainly practiced by women on small areas without adding fertilizers. Foliar diseases and insects in stock are major biotic constraints. Producers retain the seed in cans tightly closed. The average cycle of cultivated varieties is 90 days. The favorite variety is the cream-colored white hilum for its organoleptic, agronomic and aesthetic qualities. Lack of awareness on the nutritional quality of culture, the lack of research on innovative techniques to improve its production system and the biotic and abiotic constraints largely explain the low productivity and production of this crop.
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