The tryptophan concentration of the 85 BC 2 F 2:3 progenies derived from a cross between normal maize inbred line, Pant 10k1375 and o2 donor line, CML 161 were determined. The genic marker phi057 positive progenies showed significant variation for tryptophan concentration in BC 2 F 2:3 progenies with tryptophan as low as 0.046 per cent in BC 2 F 2:3 -80, whereas BC 2 F 2:3 -78 possessed maximum tryptophan concentration of 0.082 per cent. Normal maize line Pant10k1375 possessed tryptophan concentration of 0.040 per cent whereas o2 donor line CML161 had tryptophan concentration of 0.089 per cent. All the BC 2 F 2:3 progenies had tryptophan concentration higher than the normal maize inbred, whereas none of the progenies had tryptophan concentration higher than the donor line CML161. Twelve lines of BC 2 F 2:3 populations had tryptophan concentration 0.075 per cent or more, the level used to determine quality protein maize. Variability in amino acid modifier genes in the background and/or the insertion of transposable element at the regulatory sites indicated by unusual segregation pattern of phi057 and umc1066 in backcross progenies could be the possible reasons for such high level of variation in tryptophan concentration. The progenies with tryptophan concentration > 0.075 per cent may serve as potential germplasm in development of quality protein maize hybrids.
Maize is one of the prominent cereal crops locally as well as internationally for both biological and industrial processing. The nutritional value of maize grains is graded to be poor due to limiting essential amino acids mainly lysine and tryptophan. A series of events beginning by the discovery of the opaque-2 mutation until the development of enhanced protein quality cultivars paved the way for the role of amino acid modifiers genes and proteins. Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is the improved variant of the normal maize with enhanced protein quality. Protein body (PB) formation and the association of the molecular structure of the starch and PB has been a study of concern. Various changes in biochemical pathways leading to the changed zein and non-zein proportions have been studied using transgenic technology which forms an important component of maize protein. Maintaining the quality parameter of QPM inbreds, hybrids and populations so developed is a scientific concern to the speedy and precise determination of quality parameters and further maintaining these parameters using standard breeding methods. The role of biochemist and biochemical techniques are of great significance in maize quality protein research since high throughput and precise nutrient profiling of breeding lines, populations, inbred lines and hybrids support a sound QPM development programme. Various advanced techniques have been developed so far, for the protein isolation till detection and quantification of protein.Among these, the most advanced is the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography(UPLC) technique which is highly accurate and can be used efficiently for amino acid profiling of the maize germplasm, breeding lines and hybrids to support the decision making the process in QPM breeding programme. Thus, this review gives us an overview of the breeding methods and biochemical techniques utilized in the development of QPM in the current year 2019 and beyond.
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