Inhalation of bacterial endotoxin induces an acute inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. The current study examined the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary congestion in rats as compared with dexamethasone (Dexa) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ). LPS (20 µL of LPS of Escherichia coli in each nostril for two consecutive days) induced lung injury as marked by an elevation of number of inflammatory cells especially neutrophils, increased total protein levels, elevation of lipid peroxidation, and reduction of reduced glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage along with the reduction of reduced glutathione. These deleterious effects were hampered after treatment with BM-MSCs (1 × 10 cells/rat) once before acute lung injury (ALI) induction with LPS to an even better extent than Dexa (2 mg/kg once, ip) and NaHCO (10-15 mL/day for two consecutive days). In summary, BM-MSCs have the ability to suppress the endotoxin-induced systemic inflammatory response and could prove to be a novel approach to therapy for ALI in rats.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the wheat germ oil (WGO) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in boosting the immuno response and protecting from oxidative stress in irradiated rats. BM was given by intravenous injection to male rats, one hour post gamma irradiation at the dose level of 5 Gy. Rats were orally administrated with 54 mg/Kg body wt of wheat germ oil daily for 2 weeks before irradiation. After 14 days, results revealed that total body irradiation induced significant decreases in RBCs, WBCs and lymphocytes, as well as Glutathione (GSH) and zinc superoxide dismutase (Zn/SOD), splenocyte count, bone marrow lymphocyte count and viability. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) also recorded significant decrease while interleukin 6 (IL-6) and lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehde (MDA) in serum and spleen were conversely elevated. In irradiated animals receiving BMT and WGO, values of MDA in serum and tissue were significantly depressed as compared with the irradiated group, while lymphocytes, bone marrow viability percentage, splenocytes percentage, IL-2, IL-6 and GSH were significantly elevated. The curative action of WGO enforcing significant innate response could trigger and augment adaptive immune response by BMT, thus protecting immune system from radiation induced damage as well as oxidative stress.
Acute diverticulitis is inflammation of a colon diverticulum; it represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The alteration of gut microbiota contributes to the promotion of inflammation and the development of acute diverticulitis disease. Probiotics can modify the gut microbiota, so they are considered a promising option for managing diverticulitis disease. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of probiotics, alone or in combination with amoxicillin, on the experimentally induced model of acute diverticulitis disease. Forty-two rats were divided into seven groups as follows: control group: received water and food only; DSS group: received 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) daily for 7 days; LPS group: injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enema at the dose of (4 mg/kg); probiotics group: treated with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) each of which (4 × 108 CFU suspended in 2 ml distilled water) orally for 7 days; DSS/LPS group: received DSS and LPS; DSS/LPS treated with probiotics group; DSS/LPS treated with probiotics and amoxicillin group. The results revealed that both treatments (probiotics and probiotics-amoxicillin) attenuated DSS/LPS-induced diverticulitis, by restoring the colonic antioxidant status, ameliorating inflammation (significantly reduced TNF-α, interleukins, interferon-γ, myeloperoxidase activity, and C-reactive protein), decreasing apoptosis (through downregulating caspase-3), and reduction of the colon aerobic bacterial count. These probiotic strains were effective in preventing the development of the experimentally induced acute diverticulitis through the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and have affected gut microbiota, so they can be considered a potential option in treating acute diverticulitis disease.
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