Impact of Oral Probiotics in Amelioration of Immunological and Inflammatory Responses on Experimentally Induced Acute Diverticulitis

Abstract

Acute diverticulitis is inflammation of a colon diverticulum; it represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The alteration of gut microbiota contributes to the promotion of inflammation and the development of acute diverticulitis disease. Probiotics can modify the gut microbiota, so they are considered a promising option for managing diverticulitis disease. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of probiotics, alone or in combination with amoxicillin, on the experimentally induced model of acute diverticulitis disease. Forty-two rats were divided into seven groups as follows: control group: received water and food only; DSS group: received 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) daily for 7 days; LPS group: injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enema at the dose of (4 mg/kg); probiotics group: treated with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) each of which (4 × 108 CFU suspended in 2 ml distilled water) orally for 7 days; DSS/LPS group: received DSS and LPS; DSS/LPS treated with probiotics group; DSS/LPS treated with probiotics and amoxicillin group. The results revealed that both treatments (probiotics and probiotics-amoxicillin) attenuated DSS/LPS-induced diverticulitis, by restoring the colonic antioxidant status, ameliorating inflammation (significantly reduced TNF-α, interleukins, interferon-γ, myeloperoxidase activity, and C-reactive protein), decreasing apoptosis (through downregulating caspase-3), and reduction of the colon aerobic bacterial count. These probiotic strains were effective in preventing the development of the experimentally induced acute diverticulitis through the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and have affected gut microbiota, so they can be considered a potential option in treating acute diverticulitis disease.

Protective effects of amoxicillin and probiotics on colon disorders in an experimental model of acute diverticulitis disease

“…Govindarajah et al (2014) reported that; there was a significant decrease in serum CRP levels in response to co-amoxicillin gentamycin therapy in a case of appendiceal or acute colonic pathology associated with gall bladder cholecystitis. Similarly, Seaton et al (2020) and Soliman et al (2022) pointed to the role of amoxicillin therapy in decreasing serum CRP levels. Isaacs and Sartor (2004) agreed with these results demonstrating that; antibiotics may decrease bacterial tissue invasion, impair bacterial attachment, decrease bacterial translocation and prevent systemic dissemination.…”

“…( 2020 ) and Soliman et al . ( 2022 ) pointed to the role of amoxicillin therapy in decreasing serum CRP levels. Isaacs and Sartor ( 2004 ) agreed with these results demonstrating that; antibiotics may decrease bacterial tissue invasion, impair bacterial attachment, decrease bacterial translocation and prevent systemic dissemination.…”