KEYWORDSSimple, sensitive and precise spectrophotometric and chemometric stability indicating techniques were adopted for Olanzapine (OLA) determination in presence of its degradation products over a concentration range of 0.002-0.02 mg/mL. The spectrophotometric technique involves six methods; first method is first derivative (D1) spectrophotometric one, which allows the determination of OLA in presence of its acidic and alkaline degradation products at 261.2 and 260.6 nm with mean percentage recoveries of 99.90±0.48 and 99.95±0.67, respectively. While second derivative spectrophotometry (D2) was used for determination of drug in presence of alkaline degradation products. Second method is firstderivative of the ratio spectra (DR1) for determination of OLA in presence of its acidic and alkaline degradation products at 267.9 and 251.6 nm, respectively with mean percentage recoveries of 99.81±0.64 and 100.53±1.11, respectively. The third method is pH-induced difference method for determination of OLA in presence of its acidic and alkaline degradation products; with mean percentage recoveries 100.09±0.06 and 99.77±0.78, respectively. Fourth method is the Q-analysis (absorption ratio) method, which involves the formation of absorbance equation at 296.3 nm (isosbestic point) and 271 nm (λmax of OLA) for the determination of OLA in presence of its acidic degradation products. The mean percentage recovery is 100.07±1.51. Fifth method based on dual wavelength selection was developed for the determination of OLA in presence of its acidic degradation products with mean percentage recovery of 100.36±0.69. Sixth method based on simple mathematic algorithm by the bivariate calibration was also used for the determination of OLA with the mean percentage recovery of 101.72±1.10. The second technique is chemometrics, which includes determination of OLA in presence of its acidic degradation products using multivariate calibration methods (the classical least squares (CLS), principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS)) using the information contained in the absorption spectra.Olanzapine Q-absorbance Chemometrics Dual wavelength Bivariate calibration Derivative spectrophotometer

Background: Acesulfame-K (ACE), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and aspartame (ASP) are a common combination of food additives added to chewing gums. The abuse of these additives results in severe adverse health effects; however, they are still extensively used owing to their high performance and low cost. Objective: The development and optimization of a simple, cheap, sensitive, and eco-friendly HPLC/UV method for the simultaneous determination of ASP, ACE, and BHT along with aspartame degradation product phenylalanine (PHEN) in chewing gum. Methods: The method was optimized using a 5 μm C18 column and an eluent consisting of methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) according to a suitable gradient elution program. Simple sample preparation, consisting of dilution, homogenization, and sonication followed by centrifugation and filtration, was optimized and used for the extraction of chewing gum. The greenness of the method was evaluated. Results: The proposed method exhibited excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9996), low LOQ (0.08–0.95 μg/mL), and recoveries between 85.3 and 98.83% with relative SD (RSD) ≤ 2.7%. High resolution was obtained with <25 min run times with excellent precision (RSD: 0.28–1.33%). This method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of ACE, ASP, and BHT in commercial chewing gum; PHEN was not detected. Furthermore, our method is considered to be environmentally acceptable. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the developed method can be used to detect ACE, BHT, ASP, and PHEN in chewing gum. Highlights: A new sensitive, green HPLC/UV method is developed to be used as a minimal-cost routine analysis procedure for commercial chewing gum.

Background: Acesulfame-K (ACE), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and aspartame (ASP) are a common combination of food additives added to chewing gums. The abuse of these additives results in severe adverse health effects; however, they are still extensively used owing to their high performance and low cost. Objective: The development and optimization of a simple, cheap, sensitive, and eco-friendly HPLC/UV method for the simultaneous determination of ASP, ACE, and BHT along with aspartame degradation product phenylalanine (PHEN) in chewing gum. Methods: The method was optimized using a 5 μm C18 column and an eluent consisting of methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) according to a suitable gradient elution program. Simple sample preparation, consisting of dilution, homogenization, and sonication followed by centrifugation and filtration, was optimized and used for the extraction of chewing gum. The greenness of the method was evaluated. Results: The proposed method exhibited excellent linearity (R2 &gt; 0.9996), low LOQ (0.08–0.95 μg/mL), and recoveries between 85.3 and 98.83% with relative SD (RSD) ≤ 2.7%. High resolution was obtained with &lt;25 min run times with excellent precision (RSD: 0.28–1.33%). This method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of ACE, ASP, and BHT in commercial chewing gum; PHEN was not detected. Furthermore, our method is considered to be environmentally acceptable. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the developed method can be used to detect ACE, BHT, ASP, and PHEN in chewing gum. Highlights: A new sensitive, green HPLC/UV method is developed to be used as a minimal-cost routine analysis procedure for commercial chewing gum.