BACKGROUND: Women’s empowerment is an efforts to enhance their general condition and role of women in building of nations, along with their quality of life (QoL). The aspects of womankind empowerment are given importance such as the education of girls (social empowerment); also the employment and participation in the labor market (economic empowerment); it is expected that the most of the world’s poor are women and they are frequently in charge of providing the essential needs for their families. Therefore, they are at specific threat of poverty. Women perception of their position in life cycle in the background of culture and value organizations where they live and related to their aims, anticipations, values, and worries termed as QoL. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess QoL and its association with economic and social empowerment of women furthermore, find out the association between QoL and some sociodemographical variables. METHODS: A descriptive and correlational study was conducted; from the period of October 1, 2021–December 20, 2021. It is used an online questionnaire by Google form as a method of data collection on 500 women their ages (15–66 years old) from all of Iraq’s provinces. The questionnaire composed of two parts; sociodemographical characteristics of Iraqi women in addition to “RAND 36-Item Health Survey” of QoL (SF-36). Data were analyzed with SPSS (26) to meet certain objectives of current research. RESULTS: The majority of study sample live in urban regions, most of them were diploma holder and above, approximately half of participant with sufficient income, positive significant correlation between QoL and education level, income, and inverse or negative relationship between QoL and work, age. The present study demonstrates the greatest proportion of participants with fair quality of life. CONCLUSION: They carried out extensive social media campaigns and awareness sessions on the social and economic empowerment for women. They support and authorize autonomous women to be represented in decision creation positions in development processes. They develop a tough and gender balanced private subdivision in Iraq, providing motherhood authorization and basic sexual role friendly facilities, including safe transportation, care of children, and gender disaggregated health services, Governmental encouragement of women’s access to education, and urge enrolment of Iraqi girls in school. Introducing sessions about the health services provided by health sectors especially in rural zones to increase of awareness regarding to public health services.
Immunization has been a successful method of preventing and controlling life-threatening infectious diseases since the 20th century. About 2-3 million child deaths are avoided annually through vaccination. Despite increasing vaccination rates worldwide, many children in developing nations still miss their vaccinations. Therefore, many children are still vulnerable to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) targeted diseases. Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs) occur when people who are eligible for vaccination visit a medical facility but do not receive the necessary vaccinations. Therefore, vaccination has the opportunity to achieve more if missed vaccination opportunities (MOVs) are removed and global immunization coverage increases. A narrative review was conducted to summarize vaccination missing among Iraqi children, and factors affecting the vaccine coverage rate.
Abstract: Background: The epidemic of obesity in developed countries is commonly associated with poor dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity and overweight are defined as an excessive buildup of body fat and pose a risk to health. Adolescent obesity continues to be a subject of increasing global public health importance and is considered a vital risk factor for obesity and associated morbidity in adulthood. The objective is to determine the prevalence of obesity among school adolescents and estimate the relationship between obesity and some predicted risk factors (physical activity, eating habits). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among (500) students in AL-Hilla city from the period 12th January to 2nd April 2022 at (10) secondary schools. The questionnaire is composed of two parts; Part one: involved the socio-demographic characteristics of students and their parents. This section also includes BMI was calculated by measuring height& weight; weight was measured with domestic scales and height with a meter rule and classified according to international classification. Part two is related to the risk factors of obesity. Data were collected through direct interviews with students for filling the tool required by spending approximately 20-30 minutes. Finally analyzed electronically by using (SPSS) version 24 by application of frequencies, percentages as descriptive, inferential as correlational statistics, and logistic regression. Results: Obesity and overweight were predominant at age (16-17) (58.6 %), and most of them were male (56.4 %) whose come from governmental schools (86.8 %). 28.8% of the sample were overweight and (14.4%) were obese children. Boys are riskier to be overweight and obese than girls ( OR= 1.55, 95%CI (1.33 -1.807). Adolescents who did vigorous physical activity were less risky to be obese one time compared to those with non-vigorous activity OR=1.072, 95% CI= (0.966-1.189). In addition, obesity has a likelihood to decrease five times in a student who consumed the fruit more than three times compared to those with one time (OR= 5.189, 95% CI= 5.189-5.189). Conclusion: The study conclude that around forty-three percent of adolescent school students were either overweight or obese. So, indicated that obesity was predominant at age (16-17) among Iraqi adolescent students aged 14-19 years. In addition, adolescents' eating habits and physical activity were highly significant factors in overweight/ obesity. Therefore, interventions are recommended to focus on these risk variables of overweight and obesity.
Puberty is an important stage of human life. Several physiological alterations accompanying the teenage years manifest themselves in often complex and curious means to which females show different reactions. Even though this stage of a female's life is normal, it is often associated with some degree of suffering and embarrassment, it is mainly due to a sense of hesitation. The main event of puberty is the onset of the menstrual cycle; menstruation is a normal physiological process that has been distorted and damaged with negative connotations. Many religions around the world have set expectations for females during their menstrual period. This paper discusses how females during puberty must behave and be seen in many religions. Additionally, it drives debates on how different societies treat and view females during the menstrual period. Adolescent girls must be educated on how to go about the topics surrounding puberty, and the normal physiological changes that happen during the period at school. Societies, families, and teenagers themselves are responsible for working together to create an environment in which accurate info on puberty and related subjects is readily available.
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