Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the mothers’ traditional practice in caring for newborns with jaundice; we want to determine the association between mothers’ practices and their demographic characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 mothers from inpatient pediatric wards of Babylon Teaching Hospital for maternal and pediatric care. They were selected by non-probability, purposive sampling method. The study data were collected by a three-part tool: demographic data sheet related to mothers and children, mothers’ knowledge concerning neonatal jaundice, and the mother’s knowledge and home practices concerning neonatal jaundice. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results: Most mothers (67%) were younger than 30 years, and 10% had college or institute educational level. Also, 87% of mothers knew that jaundice is a common problem for neonates; 25% did not know that jaundice is abnormal if it occurs within the first 36 hours. About 17% of mothers did not agree that maternal and fetal blood group differences lead to jaundice. Besides, 47% of mothers were uncertain that severe jaundice could lead to deafness, and 78% knew that phototherapy is the treatment for jaundice. Discussion: The majority of respondents in the study were aged 29 years or less. Most of them adopted breast and formula as the type of feeding. The most recognizable outcome of this study was the adequate knowledge and practices of mothers concerning traditional caring for neonates with jaundice.

Objectives: Throughout history, people have lived through various situations of security, peace, recovery, and war, as well as the cruelty over the diversity, intensity, duration, or shortness of life. This study aimed to assess the self-esteem of amputees living in Hilla City, Babylon Province, in Center of Iraq. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the association between body image and self-esteem of amputees. By a purposive sampling method, 200 subjects from both genders and different age groups (25-35, 36-46, 47-57, 58-68, and >69 years) were recruited. The study data were collected through the modified questionnaire of multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and interviews with the patients individually. The obtained data were collected and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most participants were male patients aged between 58 and 68 years. The lower limbs were the most amputation site caused by the war for less than five years. The majority of amputees had negative responses toward their body image. As well as depicts (39%) as a majority response of amputated patients were never feel with their self-esteem. There was a high reverse association between body image and self-esteem (P<0.01). Discussion: Our analysis reflects that amputees see themselves negatively, which leads to a lack of self-esteem. Also, a feeling of negative body image affects their self-esteem. Hospitals should provide specialists in mental health and psychological therapy to increase the chance for early intervention and psychological treatment in these cases. The hospitals must provide programs to guide amputees and reduce their psychological problems.

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Immunization has been a successful method of preventing and controlling life-threatening  infectious diseases since the 20th century. About 2-3 million child deaths are avoided annually  through vaccination. Despite increasing vaccination rates worldwide, many children in  developing nations still miss their vaccinations. Therefore, many children are still vulnerable  to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) targeted diseases. Missed opportunities for  vaccination (MOVs) occur when people who are eligible for vaccination visit a medical facility  but do not receive the necessary vaccinations. Therefore, vaccination has the opportunity to  achieve more if missed vaccination opportunities (MOVs) are removed and global  immunization coverage increases. A narrative review was conducted to summarize vaccination  missing among Iraqi children, and factors affecting the vaccine coverage rate.

BACKGROUND: Women’s empowerment is an efforts to enhance their general condition and role of women in building of nations, along with their quality of life (QoL). The aspects of womankind empowerment are given importance such as the education of girls (social empowerment); also the employment and participation in the labor market (economic empowerment); it is expected that the most of the world’s poor are women and they are frequently in charge of providing the essential needs for their families. Therefore, they are at specific threat of poverty. Women perception of their position in life cycle in the background of culture and value organizations where they live and related to their aims, anticipations, values, and worries termed as QoL. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess QoL and its association with economic and social empowerment of women furthermore, find out the association between QoL and some sociodemographical variables. METHODS: A descriptive and correlational study was conducted; from the period of October 1, 2021–December 20, 2021. It is used an online questionnaire by Google form as a method of data collection on 500 women their ages (15–66 years old) from all of Iraq’s provinces. The questionnaire composed of two parts; sociodemographical characteristics of Iraqi women in addition to “RAND 36-Item Health Survey” of QoL (SF-36). Data were analyzed with SPSS (26) to meet certain objectives of current research. RESULTS: The majority of study sample live in urban regions, most of them were diploma holder and above, approximately half of participant with sufficient income, positive significant correlation between QoL and education level, income, and inverse or negative relationship between QoL and work, age. The present study demonstrates the greatest proportion of participants with fair quality of life. CONCLUSION: They carried out extensive social media campaigns and awareness sessions on the social and economic empowerment for women. They support and authorize autonomous women to be represented in decision creation positions in development processes. They develop a tough and gender balanced private subdivision in Iraq, providing motherhood authorization and basic sexual role friendly facilities, including safe transportation, care of children, and gender disaggregated health services, Governmental encouragement of women’s access to education, and urge enrolment of Iraqi girls in school. Introducing sessions about the health services provided by health sectors especially in rural zones to increase of awareness regarding to public health services.

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The single-stranded RNA virus (coronavirus 2019) pandemic has represented a massive influence on health care professionals and communities around the world. This virus is accompanied by a range of respiratory disorders. Morbidity and mortality are in elevation among pregnant mothers. COVID-19 vaccine is considered safe for the majority of the population. Safety concerns were raised toward pregnant mothers and the COVID-19 vaccine. In the present study, data were taken out from relevant manuscripts; from 20th April 2021 to 25th December 2021. In this study, literature reviews from the most comprehensive health database on 100 papers published during 2020 and 2021 were used. This review article aimed to assess the present evidence available in the literature about the possible effect of COVID-19 on pregnant mothers and their fetuses and, to address considerations for maternal COVID-19 vaccine based on the review of existing data to aid in spreading the awareness about the benefits of vaccine that could save lives. In general, COVID-19 vaccines resulted in reducing the ability of virus transmission and patients’ hospitalization. COVID-19 vaccines will never cause infection of corona virus. Evidence showed that COVID-19 vaccines from any brand will reduce the mortality and morbidity. However, available data indicated that possible deterioration of the clinical conditions of pregnant mothers infected with COVID-19 cannot be excluded. Primary outcomes did not show clear safety signs among pregnant mothers who received COVID-19 vaccines. This is because pregnant and lactating mothers were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine studies. Thus, data to lead vaccine decision-making are inadequate. More longitudinal follow up studies are necessary to reinforce the safety of the vaccine.

Objectives: The study aim is to assess the vaccination status of children under two years old in Al-Asatetha primary health care center / Hilla-Iraq. Method: Retrospective study design (Retrospective chart review) was used to assess the missed opportunities of vaccination for children under the age of two years by reviewing their immunization status from medical reports at the primary health care center. The purposive sampling was used to collect the data of 1000 children born from 1-1-2020 to 31-12-2020 through the period from 1 December 2021 to 1 February 2022. Results: the finding of the current study showed that the age of children in the selected period (2020-2021) was between11-23 months, the number of children (1-8) in the same family, and almost all of these families reside in urban areas. Regarding the parents’ educational level the high percentage of both fathers and mothers were attained a primary level of education, and most of the fathers were working, while most of the mothers were not work. Concerning the vaccination status the finding showed that the percentage of missed vaccination opportunities reached 61%, and there was a significant positive correlation between vaccination status and (family residence, parental education level, and fathers' occupation) with a P value of 0.01. On the other hand, the number and the order of children in families had an inversely significant relationship with vaccination status at a P value of 0.01. Conclusion: the study concludes that numerous factors affect the vaccination rate such as parents' education attainment and awareness, family size, address, and economic status of the family.