Introduction In cardiac arrest victims, providing a high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a fundamental component of initial care, especially in the out-of-hospital settings. In this study, we sought to assess the knowledge of nonmedical people regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods A cross-sectional survey containing 22 questions was administered to individuals aged ≥ 18 years, who were not health care providers. Sample included residents of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The survey included knowledge about cardiac arrest findings, previous experience with CPR, knowledge of basic life support (BLS), and concerns related to CPR. Results The fully completed survey forms of 600 respondents were analysed. Out of these, 28.7% stated that they had previously received training in CPR. Regarding manifestations of cardiac arrest, 40.7% suggested loss of consciousness, 36.8% suggested cessation of breathing, and 24.7% suggested cessation of circulation. Only 11.7% among respondents were found to be able to perform chest compressions. Also, only 9.2% could perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation, and 29.5% were able to perform both. While 55.5% knew the location for performing chest compressions, 44.7% knew the correct depth, and only 18.5% knew the correct compression–ventilation rate. Bystander CPR had been performed by only 10.7%. Conclusion In our sample, we found lack of knowledge regarding CPR. We advise for a coordinated national effort to improve the public awareness about CPR performance. This may include mass education, specialized training, and setting legislations.

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and carries significant risk of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of AF is high in significant parts of the world, but not much is known from countries, such as Saudi Arabia.AimsTo study the risk factors, etiologies, comorbidities, and outcome of AF in Saudi Arabia.Patients and methodsA retrospective study was conducted in King Abdul-Aziz Hospital in Jeddah during the period 2010–2017. Data were collected from both the electronic-and paper-based medical records of patients with AF. The data included the demographic information, adverse lifestyle (smoking and obesity), cardiothoracic surgery, and comorbidities.ResultsA total of 167 patients were included in the analysis (43% were males). The mean age was 63.3±35 years and the mean body mass index was 28.8±83. Hypertension (HTN) was the most prevalent risk factor encountered (73.1%). This was followed by valvular heart disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which occurred in 58.7% and 53.3% of patients, respectively. Valvular heart disease was significantly associated with older age (P=0.002) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (P=0.001). Heart failure (HF) was associated with HTN (P=0.005), coronary heart disease (P=0.001), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P=0.003).ConclusionAF was more prevalent among females in Saudi Arabia. HTN, valvular heart disease, and T2DM were the most prevalent risk factors of AF in Saudi Arabia. Valvular heart disease was more prevalent among older patients and significantly associated with CAD. HTN, CAD, and CKD were the most significant risk factors for HF in patients with AF.

Introduction:Fecal incontinence (FI) and urinary incontinence (UI) are major problems faced by women worldwide, with pregnancy and delivery representing two major risk factors for these conditions. The prevalence of FI and UI varies across studies. In our region, only a few publications have addressed this topic.Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of FI and UI in Saudi pregnant women, their characteristics, and a specific clinical pattern that could identify patients that are at a risk for incontinence.Materials and Methods:This was a questionnaire-based crosssectional study conducted over a 3 months period in 2017, among pregnant women attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Results:Our study included 393 pregnant women. FI was reported by 24 patients (6.1%), and fecal urgency was reported by 30.5%. UI was reported by 84 patients (21.4 %). When patients with no UI were compared with patients with UI, the only statistically significant factor was BMI (p = 0.043). There were no statistically significant differences when comparing patients with FI versus no-FI, and fecal urgency versus no-fecal urgency. However, laceration (OR: 1.696, p = 0.036), episiotomy (OR: 1.413, p = 0.029), constipation (OR: 1.944, p < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.993, p = 0.022), and Bristol stool scale score (p = 0.002) were statistically significant factors for determining fecal control.Conclusion:FI and UI are frequently associated with pregnancy and delivery, but their prevalence is underestimated. The role of the practitioner is crucial in preventing and treating these conditions, and in impeding their harmful effects on the postpregnancy quality of life of Saudi women.

BackgroundMitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common cardiac valvular abnormality in developed countries and it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.Aim of workTo study the clinical presentations, risk factors, and echocardiographic features of patients with MVP in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Materials and methodsA retrospective chart review study was conducted in King Abdulaziz teaching hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 2007 to 2017. All patients with MVP who were admitted at the hospital during this time period were recruited to this study, and demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic variables were analyzed using IBM SPSS.ResultsNinety-seven patients were recruited to this study, with a mean age of 43.82±16.16 years. Females constituted 67%. The body mass index (BMI) was 24.9±6.3 kg/m2. Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia occurred in 19.6%, 5.2%, and 5.2% of patients, respectively. A single patient had Marfan syndrome. Chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea were the presenting symptoms in 23.7%, 11.3%, and 9.3% of patients, respectively, with elderly individuals presenting disproportionally (93.3%) with palpitations. Fifty-five percent of patients had an anterior leaflet prolapse. The presence of posterior leaflet prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) was significantly associated with left atrial and left ventricular dilatation (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively).ConclusionMVP is more prevalent in women and middle-aged individuals with normal BMIs in this population. The most common clinical presentations were chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea, which did not differ significantly with age or gender. The anterior leaflet was the most commonly prolapsed in the studied patients and presented with mild MR. Posterior leaflet MVP, while of low prevalence, was associated with severe MR and poor left ventricular function.