Abstract:In Poland, 82% of forests are State-owned, and only 17% of forests constitute private property. Each year, forests are converted to other land-use types, mainly for road construction. The afforestation rate on privately-owned low-productivity land is decreasing steadily. The owners and perpetual usufructuaries of this kind of land are eligible to government subsidies to cover establishment expenditures in whole or in part, provided that the afforestation scheme complies with the local zoning plan or an outline planning permission. The above creates a dilemma for farmers-is this a profitable option of managing low-productivity land? Owners of small farms particularly often face such dilemmas. Owners of small farms, which consist of low-yield agricultural land, can be regarded as investors operating on the real estate market, but those investors have features characteristic of agricultural producers. This study relied on the net present value (NPV) criterion, which is popularly used to assess the effectiveness of investments on the real estate market. A financial feasibility assessment performed with the use of such method in view of afforestation statistics and the 5% discount rate on the Polish forest market OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 2847 revealed the highest increase in net cumulative cash flows in the first five years, followed by a gradual decrease in successive years. The first negative cash flow was reported in year 20. NPV would remain negative because farmers would be charged with periodic maintenance expenditures until the stand reaches harvestable age at approximately 40 years. The longer the investment period, the lower the profits, even if discount rate is excluded. Investments of the type are difficult to terminate because forests younger than 20 years are difficult to sell at a price that covers growing outflows. Afforestation projects are also influenced by other economic and non-economic factors. The paper validates the research hypothesis that afforestation is a long-term investment that delivers benefits for future generations.
Motives: IT is nowadays an effective tool supporting management in many fields, including management of urban greenery. Only a few cities in Poland have launched a dedicated urban greenery management system (UGMS). The need to provide all cities in the country with such a possibility gave birth to the idea of developing a concept using existing Land Administration System (LAS) infrastructure connected with INSPIRE Geoportal which can provide more than 75% of the information for urban greenery management.Aim: The main aim of this study was to propose the functional and database concept of a fit-forpurpose urban greenery management system (UGMS) in Poland as a universal tool for different types of urban greenery management bodies (UGMB) and a consistent information platform covering the entire country based on LAS referred to as the Integrated Real Estate Information System (IREIS), and the INSPIRE Geoportal service. The UGMS concept can be implemented in the other Member States of the European Union and other countries that have LAS and SDI like INSPIRE.Results: This approach develops a cost-effective information system that contains comprehensive information from the existing SDI in Poland and can be used by all Polish cities. The system will provide UGMB with access to data that is required for the performance of their statutory duties. Previous accomplishments, EU recommendations, and national experiences in spatial planning have been taken into account in the design process. In line with the fit-for-purpose concept, the relevant needs were determined during a survey of selected public administration authorities responsible for urban greenery. As a result, the scope of data required to create the UGMS was defined in the context of system functionalities. In addition, potential sources of data for the UMGS and their location in the NSDI were identified.
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