This paper presents the forecasting of the wear of working elements in an abrasive soil mass using the theoretical wear model. One of the widely used models providing a basis for the relationships describing wear is the Holm-Archard model. This relationship describes abrasive wear because of the contact between two bodies. The model assumes that the wear of an operating part is directly proportional to the sliding force and distance and inversely proportional to the hardness of the material of the part. To date, the model has not been verified in the wear of a soil mass, which is a discrete friction surface. Four grades of steel resistant to abrasive wear, intended for the manufacturing of operating parts exposed to wear within a soil mass, Hardox 500, XAR 600, TBL Plus and B27, were subjected to testing. TBL Plus steel was characterised by the smallest wear irrespective of the soil type. In turn, the highest values of the wear were noted in the light soil for Hardox 500, in the medium soil for XAR 600, while in the heavy soil for B27. Based on the obtained results, a high correlation coefficient was noted, with the highest values obtained for light and heavy soils.
This article analyses the effect of the size of abrasive soil mass grains on the steel wearing process. The study examined Hardox 500 steel used for working parts exposed to abrasive wear. Wear tests were performed under laboratory conditions using the "spinning bowl" method. The study was carried out using natural soil abrasive mass, in which three grain size fractions were distinguished: 0.05-2 mm -sand, 2-16 mm -gravel, 0.05-16 mm -sandy gravel. Steel wearing tests were completed for each fraction as well as for their mixes. The mixes were prepared using one additional fraction with a grain size below 0.05 mm described as dust and loam. The highest wear impact was recorded for the abrasive mass of a gravel (75 %) and dust-loam (25 %) mix. The wear was higher than that obtained for 100 % gravel. The addition of dust and loam had a different effect on the wear impact of sand. A 25 % addition of dust and loam to sand significantly reduced the abrasive wear of samples in comparison to the application of 100 % sand. The abrasive mass of dust and loam resulted in the lowest mass loss of the examined steel. Based on the results obtained from the wearing process in natural abrasive masses, three types of phenomena of steel wear in soil mass could be distinguished, i.e. by micro-cutting, fatigue wear and ploughing. The type of prevailing wear for different mixes of soil fractions depends on the volumetric content of a given fraction in the composition of soil mass. The wear intensity of the experimental steel is higher in mixes of soil fractions than for the particular soil fractions.
This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of external load on the course and intensity of Hardox Extreme hardness steel wear in sandy soil. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions using a rotating bowl machine. The abrasive was composed of two types of soil: light and medium. External pressure applied to the sample surface had the following values: 13.08, 39.24, and 65.04 [kPa]. On the basis of the results from the analysis of variance, a significant effect of external load on the values of wear on a differentiated level for particular soil masses was found. The analysis of friction surfaces complements the study. Furrows and micro-cuts prevail in the wearing process, and their intensity depends on the cohesion force between the soil grains.
This paper presents an analysis of the wear and tear process of different technological solutions of plough blades with a replaceable cutting edge. The experiment was conducted under natural operating conditions. Workpieces made of B27, Hardox 500, and Hardox 500 with padding weld, and two types of boron steel with non-hardfaced and hardfaced cutting edges were tested. The analyses of chemical composition and microstructure were performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. Operational research included the measurement of mass changes and geometry in the characteristic points of the plough blades. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the components made of Hardox 500 steel with padding welding were more durable than component without the padding layer. In contrast, the weight loss intensity was similar for all the examined materials.
The paper analyses wear processes in various technological forms of ploughshares. Tests involved ploughshares made of Hardox 500, B 27 and 38GSA steel, as well as Hardox 500 steel with the cutting edges hardfaced by means of an El – Hard 63 electrode on the front and back sides, as well as 38GSA steel hardfaced by means of an EStelMn60 electrode. The tests were conducted during natural operation when processing sandy soil. During the tests, the changes in the mass and geometry of ploughshares were measured as a function of the processed area. Ploughshares made of steel were characterised by a diverse martensitic microstructure. The hardfaced layers, on the other hand, were dominated by chromium carbides with alloy ferrite. It has been concluded that the use of hardfaced layers considerably impact the decrease in the intensity of wear of the tested working elements. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in the wear processes of hardfaced ploughshares depending on the native and additional material and the place of the application of the hardfacing agent. In the analysed soil conditions, ploughshares made of steel did not exhibit any significant differences in the wear process.
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