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Markery komórek śródbłonka w chorobie niedokrwiennej sercaM Ma ag gd da al le en na a L La am mp pk ka a 1 1 , , Z Zo of fi ia a G Gr rą ąb bc cz ze ew ws sk ka a 2 2 , , M Ma ar ri ia a K Kr ra aj je ew ws sk ka a 1 1 , , I Ig ga a H Ho oł ły yń ńs sk ka a--I Iw wa an n 1 1 , , J Ja ac ce ek k K Ku ub bi ic ca a 2 2 , , T To om ma as sz z T Ty yr ra ak ko ow ws sk ki i We examined 57 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD): 27 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SA). The control group comprised 23 patients without symptoms of CAD. The concentration of von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombomodulin (sTM), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)) was analysed in plasma or serum.R Re es su ul lt ts s: : A significant increase in vWF, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and ET-1 concentrations was found in AMI compared to the control group. Increased vWF and sICAM-1 concentrations were found in SA compared to the control group. The AMI group was characterized by significantly higher vWF concentration than the SA group. Thrombomodulin concentration did not differ significantly between any patient groups and the control group. There was a positive correlation between vWF concentration and sVCAM-1 and sTM concentrations, and an inverse correlation between ET-1 and sICAM-1 concentrations in AMI. A sICAM-1 correlated positively with sVCAM-1 concentration in SA.C Co on nc cl lu us si io on ns s: : von Willebrand factor is more useful than sTM, endothelin-1, and cell adhesion molecules sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 to assess endothelium state in patients with CAD. The increase in plasma vWF concentration confirms endothelial injury and/or activation in CAD and indicates a greater severity of these disorders in AMI than in SA.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : coronary artery disease, endothelial markers S t r e s z c z e n i e W Ws st tę ęp p: : Uszkodzenie, aktywacja lub zaburzenie funkcji śródbłonka naczyniowego odgrywają ważną rolę w progresji zmian miaż-dżycowych i rozwoju chorób układu krążenia.C Ce el l: : Ocena wskaźników biochemicznych określających stan śródbłonka naczyń krwionośnych u osób z chorobą niedokrwienną serca.M Ma at te er ri ia ał ł i i m me et to od dy y: : Badaniami objęto 57 osób z chorobą niedokrwienną serca (coronary artery disease -CAD): 27 pacjentów z ostrym zawałem serca (acute myocardial infarction -AMI) oraz 30 pacjentów ze stabilną chorobą wieńcową (stable angina -SA). Grupę kontrolną stanowiły 23 osoby bez objawów choroby wieńcowej. Stężenia czynnika von Willebranda (von Willebrand factorvWF), trombomoduliny (thrombomodulin -sTM), endoteliny-1 (endothelin-1 -ET-1), cząsteczek adhezyjnych [międzykomórkowej (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 -sICAM-1) i naczyniowej (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 -sVCAM-1)] oznaczano w osoczu lub surowicy.W Wy yn ni ik ki i: : U pacjentów z AMI obserwowano istotnie zwiększone w stosunku do grupy kontrolnej...

Acute, adverse skin effects to capsaicin can be activated by inhibition of sodium transport not only in nociceptive neurons, but also in keratinocytes. The aim of the current study was to describe and compare immediate (15 s) and prolonged (30 min) effects of capsaicin on epidermal (not neural) sodium transport using a rabbit skin model. Skin fragments (n = 169) were incubated in 4 conditions: undisturbed ion transport (U; n = 48); inhibited sodium transport (I_Na; n = 34) with amiloride used as sodium transport blocker; long-term irritation by capsaicin with undisturbed ion transport (CAPSA-U; n = 43) and with inhibited sodium transport (CAPSA-I_Na; n = 35). After 30 min of incubation, a solution of capsaicin was applied directly to the skin fragments. The study demonstrated that sodium transport inhibition eliminated the effects of both immediate and prolonged capsaicin application. The results could be the basis for future research considering selective sodium transport inhibitors for human skin to reduce the side effects of capsaicin, related to activation of sodium channels in keratinocytes.

A b s t r a c tIntroduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune disease, presenting with nonscarring hair loss. Although the precise etiopathogenesis of AA remains unknown, oxidative stress is thought to play a role. Aim: To investigate the role of oxidative stress in AA by measuring the levels of plasma and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) and the ceruloplasmin (CER) in serum. Material and methods: The study included 24 AA patients and a control group consisting of 24 age-and sexmatched healthy volunteers. The levels of MDA and CER were measured and compared between groups. Results: Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with AA compared with controls. No significant difference was observed in MDA erythrocyte levels (p = 0.990) between the study group and the control group. Ceruloplasmin level was higher in the AA group, but this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.156). Conclusions: Patients with AA displayed significant plasma MDA levels, which could lead to damage in erythrocytes exposed to high concentrations of free radicals. These results demonstrate the presence of an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system and support the concept of a possible role of oxidative stress in AA etiopathogenesis.

During the adhesive locomotion of land snails a series of short dark transverse bands, called pedal or foot waves, is visible if a moving snails ventral surface is observed through a sheet of glass. Moreover, the mucus secreted from the pedal glands and some pedal epithelial cells forms a thin layer which acts as a glue augmenting adherence, while also acting as a lubricant under the moving parts of the snails foot. The relationships between velocity and the frequency of pedal waves as well as changes in the volume of small air bubbles under foot waves were analyzed by means of digital recordings made through a glass sheet on which the snails were moving. On the ventral surface of a moving snail foot, the adhering parts of the foot constituted about 80% of the total area, while several moving parts only about 20%. The single moving region of the foot (the pedal wave) amounted to about 3% of snail length. The epithelium in the region of the pedal wave was arched above the substrate and was also more wrinkled than the stationary epithelium, which enabled the forward motion of each specific point of epithelium during the passage of a pedal wave above it. The actual area of epithelium engaged by a pedal wave was at least 30% greater than the area of the epithelium as recorded through a glass sheet. In the region of the pedal wave, the tiny subepithelial muscles acting on the epithelium move it up in the front part of the wave, and then down at the end of the wave, operating vertically in relation to the substrate. In the middle part of the wave, the epithelium only moves forward. In summary, during the adhesive locomotion of snails, the horizontal movement of the ventral surface epithelium proceeds as temporally separate phases of upward, forward and downward movement.

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The immediate reaction of the isolated rabbit tracheal wall after exposure to TDI depends on the duration of exposure and on the physiological condition of the tissue in respect of sodium and chloride ion transport.

An important electrophysiological variable-the transepithelial potential difference reflects the electrogenic transepithelial ion currents, which are produced and modified by ion transport processes in polarized cells of epithelium. These processes result from coordinated function of transporters in apical and basolateral cell membranes and have been observed in all epithelial tissues studied so far. The experiments were performed on isolated specimens of snail foot. In the experiments, the baseline transepithelial electrical potential difference-PD, changes of transepithelial difference during mechanical stimulation-dPD and the transepithelial resistance were measured with an Ussing apparatus. A total of 60 samples of foot ventral surface of 28 snails were studied. The transepithelial electrical potential difference of isolated foot ranged from-6.0 to 10.0 mV under different experimental conditions. Mechanical stimulation of foot ventral surface caused changes of electrogenic ion transport, observed as transient hyperpolarization (electrical potential difference became more positive). When the transepithelial electrical potential difference decreased during stimulation, the reaction was described as depolarization. When amiloride and bumetanide were added to the stimulating fluid so that the sodium and chloride ion transport pathways were inhibited, prolonged depolarization occurred. Under the influence of different stimuli: mechanical (gentle rinsing), chemical (changes of ion concentrations) and pharmacological (application of ion inhibitors), transient changes of potential difference (dPD) were evoked, ranging from about-0.7 to almost 2.0 mV. Changes in transepithelial potential difference of the pedal surface of the snail's foot related to these physiological stimuli are probably involved in the locomotion of the animal and are under control of the part of the nervous system in which tachykinin related peptides (TRP) act as transmitters.