This paper examines the policies and resources regarding the care of children under three years of age in two European countries that represent two different models of Welfare State, on the one hand Spain, framed in the Mediterranean or familist model and, on the other hand, Norway, enclosed in the Scandinavian model. Indeed, the care of children under three years is a matter of particular relevance since it influences directly on work-life balance strategies and also on gender and social equality. These aspects have been analyzed using the most relevant theories about the principles and motivations of the different Welfare State models. Simultaneously we have examined the existing resources in both countries and the challenges faced as a result of the social transformations occurred in recent decades and, specifically, the modifications in family policies and resources during the current financial crisis.
This article examines the resilient strategies of those people who were politically or ideologically repressed during Francoism. In total, 57 individuals were interviewed in depth in order to establish the strategies that they adopted to overcome adverse situations. The memories of the interviewees not only bring to light the diversity of resources used to face repression, but they also show how their individual strategies of resilience were linked to a collective resilience framework involving a large segment of the population who are still alive or who have handed on their experiences to their descendants. Past memories are consequently connected in the present with the (re)creation of a common identity and the restoration of dignity to the victims, who were classified as criminals in historical and legal archives and also suffered a process of social stigmatization. However, the aim of this article is not to resurrect the conflict in a society that has been ideologically divided for decades nor to transform history, but to cover the existing gaps in the official history. By doing this, it should be possible to strengthen the social and democratic values in a society that needs to build a future that is free from the ideological confrontations of the past.
This article analyses the different ways in which fatherhood is exercised in Spain and Norway. Family transformations and the redefinition of social roles assigned to men and women have brought changes in the meanings ascribed to paternity by Western societies. The two countries analyzed have undergone these changes in different ways, as they reflect different social interpretations about fathering, dissimilar participation of women in the labor market and diverse development of family policies. The aim of the article is therefore to analyze the structural elements that shape the behavior of fathers in Spain and Norway. Methodological triangulation was applied, combining in-depth interviews in both countries with a quantitative analysis of the main databases within this area. The empirical analysis is undertaken within the structural theory perspective, which takes into account the existence of elements external to the families which influence the distribution of work within the private sphere.
Magdalena Díaz Gorfi nkiel: ResumenEl objetivo de este artículo es analizar los recientes cambios legislativos acaecidos en el sector doméstico en España así como indagar sobre el efecto de estos cambios en su funcionamiento. Se debe tener en cuenta que desde el año 2011 han tenido lugar numerosas modifi caciones legislativas y que éstas se han producido dentro de un contexto de crisis económica que ha repercutido en un desigual desarrollo de la legislación. El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación centrada en revisar la legislación y la composición del sector doméstico en España, así como en obtener los discursos de las propias empleadas del hogar en relación a las modifi caciones acaecidas. El estudio revela la difi cultad de consolidar cambios en el sector doméstico debido a su particular anclaje dentro de la estructura productiva y reproductiva de la sociedad. Key wordsEconomic Crisis • Domestic Work • Labor Law • Social Reproduction • Migrant Workers AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the recent legislative changes in the domestic work sector in Spain, and to research into the impact of these changes on how the sector operates. Since 2011, numerous laws and regulations have been amended within the context of the fi nancial crisis, which caused an uneven development and implementation of the applicable legislation. This paper discusses the results of a study that reviewed the legislation and the secondary sources related to the sector's composition and development in Spain. In-depth interviews were also conducted with domestic workers. The study shows the diffi culties involved in reinforcing the changes made in the domestic work sector, due to its peculiar relationship with the productive and reproductive spheres. Cómo citarDíaz Gorfi nkiel, Magdalena (2016). «La reconfi guración del empleo doméstico en España: impacto de los cambios legislativos en el funcionamiento del sector». INTRODUCCIÓNEl sector del empleo doméstico se constituye como un sector laboral particular debido a sus propias características defi nitorias. El rasgo principal que defi ne esta peculiaridad reside en el desarrollo del nexo laboral dentro del espacio ambivalente del hogar, por lo que históricamente se han confundido derechos familiares con derechos laborales así como habilidades profesionales con aptitudes -femeninas-personales. De esta manera se fue conformando un sector con una concepción semilaboral del mismo y construido al margen de la estructura ocupacional. Esta idea del sector ha prevalecido a lo largo de los años, difi cultando la obtención de derechos laborales totales para sus trabajadoras 1 y confi rmándose la normalización social de la discriminación laboral (García Sainz et al., 2011). Además, la falta de consideración del sector ha producido el posicionamiento del mismo en lo más bajo de la estructura laboral y, por tanto, con una escasa valoración de la actividad y un escaso poder para transformarla por parte de sus actores protagonistas.Este artículo, en consecuencia, tiene como objetivo ...
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