Five strains (Ryu1-2 T , Gon2-9, Ryu4-3, Nog8-1 and Aza1-1) of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from flowers in mountainous areas in Japan, Oze National Park, Iizuna mountain and the Nikko area. The five isolates were found to share almost identical (99.6-100 % similar) 16S rRNA gene sequences and were therefore deemed to belong to the same species. These isolates exhibited low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to known lactic acid bacteria; the closest recognized relatives to strain Ryu1-2 T were the type strains of Lactobacillus hilgardii (92.8 % similarity), Lactobacillus kefiri (92.7 %), Lactobacillus composti (92.6 %) and Lactobacillus buchneri (92.4 %). Comparative analyses of rpoA and pheS gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolates did not show significant relationships to other Lactobacillus species. The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and homofermentative. The isolates utilized a narrow range of carbohydrates as sources of carbon and energy, including glucose and fructose. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic data, these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus floricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ryu1-2 T (5NRIC 0774 T 5JCM 16512 T 5DSM 23037 T ).Lactobacillus strains have been isolated from several plant sources such as fruit, grass, leaves, tree sap, flowers, fermented vegetables and fermented beverages such as wine, malt whisky, shochu and beer (summarized by
Five strains (Mizu2-1 T , Gon2-7, Koba6-1, Koyu2-2 and Miya2-2) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from flowers in Oze National Park, Japan, using anaerobic cultivation. The five isolates were found to share identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The isolates exhibited low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to known LAB; the closest recognized relatives of strain Mizu2-1 T were the type strains of Lactobacillus kunkeei (94.9 %), Lactobacillus kefiri (94.1 %) and Lactobacillus buchneri (93.9 %). Comparative analyses of rpoA and pheS gene sequences demonstrated that the novel isolates did not show significant relationships to other Lactobacillus species. The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and heterofermentative. Anaerobic growth was better than aerobic growth. The isolates utilized a narrow range of carbohydrates as sources of carbon and energy, including glucose and fructose. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic data, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus ozensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Mizu2-1 T (5JCM 17196 T 5DSM 23829 T ).During our studies on the distribution of anaerobes in flowers, we have isolated several species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from mountain flowers in Japan. We recently reported the isolation of a novel LAB, Lactobacillus floricola, from a mountainous area (Kawasaki et al., 2011). L. floricola showed quite low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to known LAB, and also showed a narrow range of carbohydrate utilization, using only glucose and fructose. Here, we report the isolation of further isolates that exhibit low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to known LAB and show a narrow range of carbohydrate utilization. During the course of our investigations of anaerobes in flowers from several mountainous areas in Japan since 2006, the novel species described in this study has been isolated only from the area of Oze National Park.Flowers were collected from Oze National Park in [2008][2009]. Flower samples were collected using autoclaved forceps and transferred immediately to sterile tubes. Bacteria were cultivated on MRS agar (Difco) containing 5.0 g calcium carbonate and 15 g agar l 21 at 20-30 u C under anaerobic conditions. After isolation, strains were maintained in MRS broth. The origins of the isolates are shown in Supplementary Fig. S1. The proposed type strain Mizu2-1 T was isolated from a flower of Inula ciliaris var. glandulosa, a chrysanthemum (Japanese common name, oze-mizugiku), that was collected in August 2008. A large number of colonies (10 4 -10 8 colonies per flower) were obtained, and the 16S rRNA gene sequences of randomly selected colonies suggested that these isolates represent the most abundant species in each flower (data not shown).Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were determined according to Okada et al. (1992), Holdeman et al. (1977) and Gerhardt et al. (1981), as described previously (Kawasaki et al., 2011...
Varietal differences in root development were evaluated using cuttings of three species and four cultivars of evergreen azaleas. More than 80% of cuttings were rooted in a shaded rain shelter, a closed-frame and a mist propagation system. Total root lengths of Rhododendron ripense and R. × pulchrum 'Oomurasaki' were long, while those of R. indicum 'Osakaduki' and Kurume azalea 'Kirin' tended to be short. Leaf number and leaf area of each azalea were increased in cuttings of shaded rain shelter and closed-frame system, compared to mist propagation system except for the leaf area of R. macrosepalum. R. macrosepalum, R. indicum 'Osakaduki' and R. × mucronatum 'Shiro-ryukyu' showed a wide rooting areas in the cuttings, having many and a wide range of extended roots out of cylindrical net in the nursery bed. R. kaempferi and Kurume azalea 'Kirin' showed a narrow rooting area, having a small number of roots extending out of the net. These varietal differences of root characteristics in rooted cuttings showed the same tendency as field-planted plants in a previous study and would be related to genetic traits originating from adaptation to the natural habitat environment by each original species and the varieties derived from them. Root characteristics of cuttings from evergreen azalea can be indicator of the root traits of field plants and would be useful information for application to the breeding of evergreen azalea.
Characteristics of root development of evergreen azaleas were evaluated quantitatively. 'Oomurasaki' and 'Shiro-ryukyu', which are vigorous in growth and often used for landscaping, had a greater root length density and developed root systems penetrating deep soil layers. Most azaleas developed greater root length density in a moderately wet soil moisture area than in a wet soil area. However, R. indicum which distributes in rocky riverside areas, demonstrated a greater root length density only in wet soil area and the root development was especially concentrated in the surface soil layer. Thus, differences in root development system and root adaptation to moisture environments observed between species and/or cultivars, would have originated from the adaptation of each species to the natural environment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.