Numerous research studies are carried out in order to investigate various properties and implement the potential of hybrid carbon/flax composites for technical applications. This review aims to present a summary of materials and manufacturing techniques, which are currently used for the fabrication of the carbon/flax composites, and describe the reported tensile, bending, impact, and damping properties of the resulting hybrid materials as well as the attempts to model some of these properties.
In various countries, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) represents one of the plastics with a very high recycling rate. Since currently there is no analytical method enabling direct distinction between recycled PET (rPET) and virgin PET (vPET), there are various attempts to differentiate these materials indirectly. One of these approaches claims that the recycling of PET leads to polymer chain degradation, which is reflected in changed thermal, mechanical and crystalline properties, and testing of these properties can therefore be used to distinguish rPET and vPET. However, there are many sources leading to changes in the molecular structure and consequently to the changes of the above-mentioned properties of the PET. The purpose of this study is to analyze the glass transition and melting temperature, degree of crystallinity as well as bending and impact properties of 20 different commercially available PET recyclates from 14 suppliers and evaluate the results with respect to the literature values for vPET. The main results of this study show that the range of vPET properties is so broad that all of the corresponding properties of the tested rPET lie within this range.
Numerous research studies are carried out in order to investigate various properties and implement the potential of hybrid carbon/flax composites for technical applications. This review aims to present a summary of materials and manufacturing techniques, which are currently used for the fabrication of the carbon/flax composites, and describe the reported tensile, bending, impact, and damping properties of the resulting hybrid materials as well as the attempts to model some of these properties.
In this study flax fabrics were treated with polyethylene imine (PEI) and afterwards, in combination with carbon fabrics, integrated into epoxy resin via vacuum infusion process. The influence of the 2 stacking sequences of the fabrics and 2 PEI concentrations were evaluated with regard to the mass fractions of the composite components and mechanical properties of the manufactured composites, namely, flexural and interlaminar shear properties. The results showed that the effect of the surface treatment is dependent on the stacking sequence. Namely, increase of the PEI concentration resulted in a corresponding increase of the mass fraction of the polymer matrix in the case of interchanging arrangement of flax and carbon fabrics. Further remarkable results showed that the same specimen provided the highest values of the supported maximum load after the surface treatment. Influence of the PEI treatment on the strength values with regard to the stacking sequence and polyelectrolyte concentration led to controversial results. Decrease of flexural modulus after the surface treatment was observed in the case of all samples.
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