Plants have a great potential to grow while carrying inside them fungi and bacteria known as endophytes. These endophytes have a potential to produce bioactive molecules which are of immense pharmaceutical importance. In the current study, plants having medicinal properties such as Moringa oleifera and Withania somnifera were explored for studying endophytic fungi associated with them. Moringa oleifera and Withania somnifera are widely known for their nutritional and medicinal values. The endophytic fungal associations of these plants have revealed their efficacy in therapeutic field. In the current study, endophytic fungal strains were extracted by incubating the dried plant samples on potato dextrose agar media, supplemented with streptomycin at 28 °C for 5-10 days. A total of 21 and 24 endophytes were isolated from herbal plant Moringa oleifera and Withania somnifera, respectively. Microscopic study revealed four active strains of M. oleifera i.e. Colletotrichum sp. (MO-S2), Cladosporium sp. (MO-S4, MO-L3) and Fusarium sp. (MO-R1), and two active strains of W. somnifera i.e. Alternaria sp. (WS-S8) and Fusarium sp. (WS-R5). Active strains of endophytic fungi were further screened for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic gram negative bacterial strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and gram positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25323). Our results showed that fungal isolates of M. oleifera (MO-S2) and W. somnifera (WS-S8) had antibacterial activity against both the bacterial strains. However, three fungal strains of M. oleifera (MO-L3, MO-S4, and MO-R1) and one of W. somnifera (WS-R5) showed antibacterial activity against gram negative bacterial strain of E. coli.
Endophytic fungi isolated from Rauvolfia serpentina, a well known Indian medicinal plant, is used in Ayurveda for treatment of many diseases. Isolated endophytes were screened for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Twenty fungal isolates were recovered from different parts of the host plant and they were characterized for their morphological features through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and on the basis of observations they were grouped in eight genus as Fusarium sp., Phomopsis sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Xylaria sp., Alterneria sp. and Gleomastix sp. The secret of the fungal endophytes of this medicinal plant was revealed by the evaluation of the extract against the target bacteria. The extracts of four fungal isolates Colletotrichum sp. (Rs-R5), Fusarium sp.(Rs-R1), (Rs-R7) and Cladosporium sp.(Rs-S4) among twenty isolates were found effective against human pathogenic bacterial strains E. coli (ATCC 25922), Gram negative bacteria and S. aureus (ATCC 25323), Gram positive bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract of active fungal isolate (Colletotrichum sp; Rs-R 5) was most effective than other extract, with maximum inhibition zone 16 mm and 14 mm and minimum MIC 25µg/ml and 36.5µg/ml against E. coli and S. aureus respectively.
Ayurvedais most ancient Indian medical system, based on ancient writing.It is “Science of Life”, which deal with wealth of medical sciences. The descriptions of the Ayurveda sages Charaka (500 B.C.) and Sushruta (600 B.C.) in classical Ayurvedaare compared withcontemporary, conventional anatomy.In Ayurvedicoldest text SushrutaSamhitaShareersthanahasmentionedfivesensoryorgansi.e.Gyanendriyas,SparshanendriyaisoneofthemwhoseadhishthanaisTwacha(skin). As we know, skin is the largest sense organ of the body which sense touch, pain, pressure, temperature etc. skin is play role in “The First Line of Defence” mechanism. This detailed study of Twacha Sharir in both Ayurvedic and Modern sciencesprovided well established concept of Twacha(skin). Thus, in medical science, for better diagnosis, detailed study of Twachaas per Ayurveda in Rachnatmaka and Kriyatmakaaspect as well as Modern concepts are necessary
Objectives: Pulses have grown increasingly popular as a result of their high nutritional content and phytochemical content. However, before to eating, the seed coats of some legume food items were removed, resulting in the food losing its nutritious content. The study deals with the study of pharmacognostic & physico-chemical profile along with in-vitro estimation of bioactive compounds of Phaseolus vulgaris (Linn) seed coat. Methodology: The morphology of kidney beans was evaluated. Seed length, width, thickness, and surface area were also determined. In physico-chemical parameters extractive value ash value, moisture content, swelling index were recorded. Phytochemical screening displayed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, amino acid, tannins, carbohydrates and saponins. HPTLC & in-vitro estimations were done. Results: Morphology revealed dark brownish red seed, kidney to oval shaped, medium size and bland taste. Microscopically, the transverse section showed the presence of proteinaceous aleurone cells, macro-sclereids and starch granules with irregular oval shape in the cotyledon specify the energy reservoir of seeds. HPTLC showed the presence of flavonoids in Phaseolus vulgaris seed coats. The antioxidant profile revealed TFC (total flavonoid content) as 13.62 mg/g QE (quercetin equivalent) and TPC (total phenolic content) as 32.03 ± 1.50 mg/g GAE. IC50 value for vitamin C was found to be 369.03 µg/ml as compared to Phaseolus vulgaris seed coat 423.00µg/ml. Conclusion: The study can serve as a valuable source of information and due to presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoid (quercetin) it could be considered for its neuroprotective activity.
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