The purpose of this review is to give a brief background to enable the judicious use of widely performed serum cancer markers. The markers could be product of cancerous cell or as response to cancer. They are usually proteins, which are mainly found in blood or urine. These markers may be employed to predict primary or secondary tumor risk. Sometimes, non-cancerous conditions can also cause elevation of some tumor markers to be higher than normal. Besides, not every cancer patient may have raised level of a tumor marker. For these reasons, knowledge about cancer biomarkers has increased tremendously. Awareness for cancer and related tumor markers providing great opportunities for improving the management of cancer patients by enhancing the efficiency of detection and efficacy of treatment.

The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in chronic periodontitis patients was 37.2% according to questionnaire and 47.8% according to the results of clinical test. Periodontal attachment loss could be an earlier indicator or a possible risk factor of DH. Only 14.36% of the patients with sensitive teeth used desensitizing paste. This could be due to the fact that either the patients did not consider the condition bad enough to warrant treatment or it was not being diagnosed.

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Introduction:Oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral lichen planus are the precancerous or potentially malignant lesions and conditions whereas oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a cancerous or malignant lesion of the oral cavity. They have characteristic clinical and histopathological features. These diseases not only originate from epithelium but also associated with chronic inflammation juxta-epithellialy. Mast cells present in the connective tissue stroma and release pro-inflammatory and mitogenic cytokines. These functions of mast cells contribute and enhance the pathogenesis translation of diseases.Aim:The study was done to histologically evaluate the number of mast cells in oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC and compare it with normal oral mucosa (NOM).Materials and Methods:Forty-five cases each of oral dysplasia, OSCC and ten cases of NOM were studied for mast cell number using toluidine blue.Results:There was a highly significant increase of mast cells in oral epithelial dysplasia on comparison with OSCC whereas there was only a significant increase in mast cells in OSCC on comparison with NOM.Conclusion:The literature has proven that mast cells can be an indicator of increased angiogenesis and hence can help in the prediction of carcinogenesis, its progression, and also the prognosis of the malignant lesions.

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Background: Everyone has certain characteristics that set them apart from others. Variations in the palatal rugae pattern is one such feature which stay consistent throughout one's life specially edentulous patients. So, this rapidly emerging branch of forensic odontology can be taken as an adjuvant in investigation of criminals which has immense significance in giving more accuracy.Aim: The current study aims to compare distinctiveness of the palatal rugae in gender of various age and to investigate if the specific palatal rugae pattern may be utilised as a strategy for sex estimation.Methods: Model casts of 200 people were created, segregated & the prominent elevations on both the sides of median palatal raphae was analysed. The statistical analysis to compare the proportions was presented. Result: Wavy rugae patterns are more prevalent in males whereas curved rugae patterns in females.Conclusion: Association of palatal rugae behold the potential key in establishing the person’s sex which is crucially importance.

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Aim To analyze the comparative change in pretreatment and posttreatment La * b * values of color in initial nonpitted white spot lesions of fluorosed teeth after resin infiltration with DMG-Icon spectrophotometrically with VITA easy shade. Materials and methods A total of 30 maxillary and mandibular permanent anterior teeth with mild, nonpitted white spot lesions (atleast one) of fluorosis [till grade IV of Thylstrup and Fejerskov (TF) index] in patients between 6 years and 14 years of age were included in the present study. Shade of selected tooth and its white spot lesion area was recorded using VITA 3D shade guide, both pre and postoperatively, i.e., after application of DMG Icon. This was followed by recording the change in corresponding La * b * values of tooth shade and white spot lesion spectrophotometrically using VITA Easy Shade. Results obtained were analyzed statistically. Results Δ E value of color change was found to be less than 3.7 in most of samples after resin infiltration and esthetically color change to naked eye was statistically significant ( p value < 0.00001) postoperatively. Conclusion Resin infiltration with DMG Icon can improve the color of non-cavitated white spot lesions. The esthetic effect of this treatment was evident immediately after treatment. Moreover, no cavitation occurred after etching, even when the surface layer had been eroded completely. Clinical significance Achievement of esthetic results without loss of tooth structure and postoperative sensitivity. How to cite this article Dogra S, Goyal V, Gupta A, et al. Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Color Change in Tooth Enamel Defects Using Resin Infiltrate: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(2):150–154.