Inflammation and oxidative stress is both two important key players in the development, enhancement, and maintenance of both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. They are almost invariably involved in pain-related diseases, such as all-cause low back pain, diabetic neuropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial ischemia, cancer, and various autoimmune disorders, among others. They act synergistically and their presence can be beneficial, yet detrimental to neurons and nerves if they are in overdrive state. Meanwhile, anthocyanin, a group of flavonoid polyphenols, is very common in nature and can be easily derived from fruits and vegetables. Accumulating evidence has shown that anthocyanin possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects through numerous mechanisms and that its proof-of-concept in ameliorating various pathology of disease states have been extensively documented. Unfortunately, however, the empirical evidence of anthocyanin for alleviating pain has been very minimal to date, despite its potentials. Herein, we discuss the basic properties of anthocyanin and its relevant pain mechanisms which could become potential targets for pain management using this natural compound.
Physical fitness is ability to perform the activity or activities without feeling tired excessively. Physical fitness associated with a person`s organs to carry out its tasks properly every day without experiencing significant fatigue. In a child’s mental retardation with a les mobile lifestyle that will affect his physical fitness. The purpose of this study to determine which type of gymnastic exercise better to the physical fitness on the students in Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa Kuncup Bunga Denpasar.This research used experimental method using Randomized study Pre and Post Test Group Design. The subjects in this study were students in Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa Kuncup Bunga Denpasar. There were 18 students which is divided into two groups: group-1 is senam penguins and group-2 is senam ria anak Indonesia. Data were obtained after a six-week training analyzed by paired t-test and unpaired t-test.The results of physical fitness test before training with Senam Penguins was 23.39 ± 1.69 and the test results after the training was 27.87 ± 3.28. the physical fitness test in group-2 before training with Senam Ria anak Indonesia was 22.69 ± 1.76 and the results after training was 24.64 ± 2.11. Paired t-test in both group before and after training showed significant differences after training in group-1 and group-2 with a value of p > 0.05 with an increase in physical fitness test results of (19.15) in group-1 and (8.64) in group-2. The percentage increase physical fitness test results of group-1 with senam penguins is higher than those in group-2 with senam ria anak Indonesia.So we can conclude that the training of senam penguin in Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa Kuncup Bunga Denpasar improved the physical fitness test results higher than senam ria anak Indonesia.
The long term use of analgesic drugs in patients with myofascial syndrome had a bad effect. So it is very important to find another methods. Upper trapezius muscle myofascial syndrome is a collection of symptoms such as chronic pain with increased sensitivity to pressure, muscle spasms, tenderness, stiffness, limited motion, and weakness of the upper trapezius muscle. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of decline in the neck disability of interventions for Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibitation Technique (INIT), Myofascial Release Syndrome (MRT), and ultrasound therapy. This research used experimental method with pre-test and post-test group design. This experiment was conducted in RSPI Puri Indah, Jakarta. These samples included 20 people who were divided into two groups of samples, are 10 people in the first group and 10 people in the second group. Samples in the first group had an average age of 30.9 years old with men as much as 4 people and women as much as 6 people. While the second group had an average age of 32.8 years old with men as much as five people and women as many as five people. The results of testing the hypothesis by using test independent sample t-test showed significantly differences between the average after intervention disability first group with mean after intervention disabilities neck second group, with the value of the first group (21.6 ± 4.6)% and the second group (15.6 ± 3.6)% with values p <0.05. It was concluded that the Inhibitation Integrated Neuromuscular Technique (INIT) and ultrasonic therapy was better in reducing the neck disability in the upper trapezius muscle myofascial syndrome, compared to Myofascial Release Syndrome (MRT) and ultrasound therapy. The decline in neck disability will significantly optimize the functional activity of the cervical spine.
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