Mexico is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with an important proportion of endemism mainly because of the convergence of the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic regions, which generate great diversity and species turnover at different spatial scales. However, most of our knowledge of the Mexican ant biota is limited to a few well‐studied taxa, and we lack a comprehensive synthesis of ant biodiversity information. For instance, most of the knowledge available in the literature on Mexican ant fauna refers only to species lists by states, or is focused on only a few regions of the country, which prevents the study of several basic and applied aspects of ants, from diversity and distribution to conservation. Our aims in this data paper are therefore (1) to compile all the information available regarding ants across the Mexican territory, and (2) to identify major patterns in the gathered data set and geographic gaps in order to direct future sampling efforts. All records were obtained from raw data, including both unpublished and published information. After exhaustive filtering and updating information and synonyms, we compiled a total of 21,731 records for 887 ant species distributed throughout Mexico from 1894 to 2018. These records were concentrated mainly in the states of Chiapas (n = 6,902, 32.76%) and Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (n = 4,329, 19.92%), which together comprise half the records. The subfamily with the highest number of records was Myrmicinae (n = 10,458 records, 48.12%), followed by Formicinae (n = 3,284, 15.11%) and Ponerinae (n = 1,914, 8.8%). Most ant records were collected in the Neotropical region of the country (n = 12,646, 58.19%), followed by the Mexican transition zone (n = 5,237, 24.09%) and the Nearctic region (n = 3,848, 17.72%). Native species comprised 95.46% of the records (n = 20,745). To the best of our knowledge, this is the most complete data set available to date in the literature for the country. We hope that this compilation will encourage researchers to explore different aspects of the population and community research of ants at different spatial scales, and to aid in the establishment of conservation policies and actions. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using its data for publications or teaching events.
Anastrepha obliqua Macquart and Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) represent persistent pests of quarantine significance affecting mango and citrus agroecosystems, respectively, in Mexico. We aimed to analyze the population dynamics of A. obliqua and A. ludens and the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on the population regulation in the neotropical limits of Mexico. We explored endogenous dynamics of A. obliqua and A. ludens populations based on short sequences of time series data of adult captures from 2008 to 2010. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the rate of population change (Rt) and population density as an endogenous factor, and temperature, precipitation, fruit availability, and the North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAOi) as exogenous factors. Autocorrelation and partial‐rate correlation functions were used to evaluate the endogenous dynamics of populations. Generalized least square models including autoregressive–moving‐average structures were performed to assess the relationships between the Rt and endogenous and exogenous factors. Results revealed annual patterns in the population fluctuation for both Anastrepha obliqua and A. ludens. Anastrepha obliqua and A. ludens population peaks occurred from August to September–October, and from January to July, respectively. The dynamics of the Rt suggest persistent pest populations modulated by a first‐order feedback structure, although higher orders in feedback structures were also exhibited. Significant relationships between Rt and population density, temperature, fruit availability, and the NAOi were observed. These findings may be a technical and ecological basis to design environmentally friendly strategies against wild populations under an area‐wide integrated pest management (AW‐IPM) approach.
, J. V. 2015. Preferencias entre cinco carbohidratos en Pheidole bilimeki (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 31(2): 291-297. RESUMEN.Los carbohidratos comunes en fuentes naturales de energía para las hormigas son: sacarosa, fructosa, glucosa, trehalosa y melezitosa. En este estudio se establecieron preferencias entre estos cinco carbohidratos en Pheidole bilimeki Mayr a través de la conducta de reclutamiento. El orden de efectividad reclutadora de los cinco quí-micos fue: sacarosa > melezitosa = trehalosa > fructosa > glucosa. En todos los azúcares la respuesta fue dependiente de la concentración entre 0.1 M y 1 M. Los tiempos bebiendo fueron los mismos en todos los carbohidratos, por lo cual se descarta que distintos volúmenes de solución ingerida determinen diferentes cantidades de feromona reclutadora secretada. Se propone que diferentes niveles de interacción de los azúcares con los receptores gustativos determina la intensidad del reflejo liberador de la feromona. Palabras clave: hormigas, trehalosa, feromona reclutadora, melezitosa. ABSTRACT. Sucrose, fructose, glucose, trehalose and melezitose are sugars commonly found in natural sources of energy of ants. In this study were established preferences through the recruitment behavior to these carbohydrates in Pheidole bilimeki Mayr. The order of effectiveness of the five chemicals was: sucrose > melezitose = trehalose > fructose > glucose. In all sugars the responses were dependent to the concentration between 0.1M and 1M. The time invested in drinking per ant was the same in all carbohydrates, therefore, it is discarded that different volumes of solution ingested could determine different amounts of secreted trail pheromone. We propose that different levels of interaction of sugars with their gustatory receptors could determine the intensity of pheromone releasing reflex. Rosas
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