Accumulation of those nanoparticles effect in increases of FRAP and glucose level up to 27% and 73%, respectively. This in turn suggests that iv administration of AuNPs may effect in serious medical complications. On the other site, the accumulation in the liver of about 50% of introduced particles to the rats body is promising for phototherapy and it opens "door" for drug transport to this organ.

BackgroundSpinal deformities in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are usually progressive and may require operative treatment. There is limited number of studies describing late results of surgery in this disease.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of the records of 11 patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, treated surgically between 1990 and 2007. All patients underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity. Duration of operation, type of instrumentation, intraoperative blood loss, complications and number of additional surgeries were noted. Radiographic measurement was performed on standing AP and lateral radiographs acquired before surgery, just after and at final follow up.ResultsThe mean follow up period was 5.5 ± 2.9 years (range 1-10 years). The mean preoperative thoracic and lumbar curve were 109.5 ± 19.9° (range 83° - 142°) and 75.6 ± 26.7° (range 40° - 108°) respectively. Posterior spine fusion alone was performed on 6 patients and combined anterior and posterior fusion (one- or two stage) on 5 cases. Posterior segmental spinal instrumentation was applied with use of hooks, screws and wires. The mean postoperative thoracic and lumbar curve improved to 79.3 ± 16.1° (range 56° - 105°) and 58.5 ± 27.7° (range 10° - 95°) respectively, with a slight loss of correction during follow up. The average thoracic and lumbar correction was 26.4 ± 14.9% (range 5.3 - 50.4%) and 26.3 ± 21.2% (range 7.9 - 75%). Postoperatively, the mean kyphosis was 79.5 ± 40.3° (range 21° -170°), and lordosis was 50.8 ± 18.6° (range 20° -79°). Hyperkyphosis increased during follow up while lordosis remained stable. Mean Th12-L2 angle was -3.5 ±9.9° (range -19° - 15°) postoperatively and did not change significantly during follow up.ConclusionsHuge spinal deformities in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome require complex and extensive surgery. There is a big risk of sagittal imbalance in this group.

The purpose of our study was to analyze limb lengthening in fibular hemimelia type II. Ten patients underwent 16 tibia lengthenings. The mean tibia shortening was 5.8 cm. We used the Ilizarov technique in all cases. The mean follow-up time was 7.2 years. The mean lengthening was 23% of the former length. The healing index was 50.8 days/cm. In the final examination six patients were skeletally mature, equal limb length and functional foot positioning were achieved in four of them. Complications were observed during 14 lengthenings (87.5%). Although lengthening in fibular hemimelia is difficult, elongation with axis and foot correction may offer an alternative to amputation.

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A method was developed for the determination of low titanium concentrations in soft tissue. It is based on the microwave-assisted acid digestion of the samples and quantification of the element by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The heating program was optimized through pyrolysis and atomization curves. The optimal temperatures were 1300 C and 2600 C for pyrolysis and atomization, respectively. Three matrix modifiers in various combinations were investigated and a mixture of 20 mg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and 6 mg Mg(NO 3 ) 2 allowed the best sensitivity and signal profile to be obtained. Under optimum conditions, the detection and quantification limits were 0.82 mg L À1 (33.61 ng g À1 of tissue) and 2.50 mg L À1 (102.48 ng g À1 of tissue), respectively. The characteristic mass was 88 pg. The recovery of added titanium in tissue samples was from 77% to 117%. Titanium was detected in 9 clinical samples and 12 animal meat samples, and its content ranged from 0.11 to 0.80 mg g À1 .

Kli ni ka Or to pe dii i Re ha bi li ta cji Col le gium Me di cum, Uni wer sy tet Ja giel loń ski, Za ko pa ne, Polska De part ment of Or tho pe dics and Re ha bi li ta tion, Ja giel lo nian Uni ver si ty Me di cal Col le ge, Za ko pa ne, Poland STRESZ CZE NIEWstęp. Klat ka pier sio wa lej ko wa ta to naj częst sza wa da bu do wy klat ki pier sio wej. Le cze nie ope ra cyj ne wy ko nu je się tech ni ką otwar tą lub en do sko po wą. Wy bór tech ni ki skut ku je od mien nym prze bie giem po ope ra cyj nym. Ce lem pra cy jest ana li za prze bie gu okre su po ope ra cyj ne go w dwóch gru pach cho rych le czo nych z po wo du klat ki pier sio wej lej ko wa tej. Pierw szą sta no wi li cho rzy ope ro wa ni tech ni ką en do sko po wą (gr. 1), dru gą -tech ni ką otwar tą (gr. 2). Po nad to ce lem pracy jest oce na wy ni ków le cze nia w tych dwóch gru pach.Ma te riał i me to dy. Ba da ną gru pę sta no wi ło 40 cho rych, ope ro wa nych w jed nym ośrod ku, sto su ją cym jed no li ty pro to kół anal ge zji po ope ra cyj nej. Oce nia no czas ope ra cji, utra tę krwi, czas ho spi ta li za cji, obec ność po wi kłań, na si le nie bó lu oraz zu ży -cie opio ido wych i nie opio ido wych le ków prze ciw bó lo wych. Okres ob ser wa cji wy niósł śred nio 9 mie się cy (6-25mie się cy).Wy ni ki. Wiek, wa ga i wzrost cho rych, czas ho spi ta li za cji nie ró żni ły się mię dzy gru pa mi. W gr. 1 czas ope ra cji i stra ta krwi by ły mniej sze niż w gr. 2. W gr. 1 po wi kła nia wy stą pi ły u 25% cho rych. Na tę że nie bó lu by ło wy ższe w gr. 1 (4,23 vs 3,67), po dob nie jak ilość wy ma ga nych sil nych opio idów na kg ma sy cia ła/do bę (0,52mg/kg/mc vs 0,25mg/kg/mc). Su biek tyw na ocena cho rych by ła za do wa la ją ca u 85% cho rych z gr. 1 i 90% gr. 2.Wnio ski. 1. Le cze nie ope ra cyj ne klat ki pier sio wej lej ko wa tej obie ma tech ni ka mi po zwa la na osią gnię cie do bre go wyni ku. 2. Czas za bie gu i utra ta krwi są wy ższe u cho rych ope ro wa nych tech ni ką otwar tą, na tę że nie bó lu oraz za po trze bo wanie na le ki prze ciw bó lo we są zaś wy ższe wśród ope ro wa nych tech ni ką en do sko po wą. 3. Wy ko nu jąc ko rek cję klat ki lej kowa tej, na le ży za pla no wać od po wied nie le cze nie anal ge tycz ne w okre sie po ope ra cyj nym.Sło wa klu czo we: klat ka lej ko wa ta; ope ra cja en do sko po wa, pod kon tro lą wi de osko pu; ból po ope ra cyj ny SUM MA RY Background. Pec tus exca va tum (PE) is the most com mon de fect of the chest wall. Sur ge ry for PE can be per for med with an open or en do sco pic tech ni que. The cho ice of the sur gi cal ap pro ach in flu en ces the po sto pe ra ti ve co ur se. The aim of the pa per is to ana ly ze the po sto pe ra ti ve pe riod in two gro ups of pa tients tre ated for PE. Gro up 1 con si sted of pa tients who un der went en do sco pic sur ge ry, and Gro up 2 was com po sed of pa tients who un der went open sur ge ry. A se con da ry aim is to com pa re the sur gi cal out co mes be twe en the two gro ups.Ma te rial and me thods. The stu dy gro up con si sted of 40 pa t...