Photogrammetry is a promising set of methods for generating photorealistic 3D models of physical objects and structures. Such methods may rely solely on camera-captured photographs or include additional sensor data. Digital twins are digital replicas of physical objects and structures. Photogrammetry is an opportune approach for generating 3D models for the purpose of preparing digital twins. At a sufficiently high level of quality, digital twins provide effective archival representations of physical objects and structures and become effective substitutes for engineering inspections and surveying. While photogrammetric techniques are well-established, insights about effective methods for interacting with such models in virtual reality remain underexplored. We report the results of a qualitative engineering case study in which we asked six domain experts to carry out engineering measurement tasks in an immersive environment using bimanual gestural input coupled with gaze-tracking. The qualitative case study revealed that gaze-supported bimanual interaction of photogrammetric 3D models is a promising modality for domain experts. It allows the experts to efficiently manipulate and measure elements of the 3D model. To better allow designers to support this modality, we report design implications distilled from the feedback from the domain experts.
Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) may help unlock the full potential offered by 3D photorealistic models generated using state-of-art photogrammetric methods. Using VR to carry out analyses on photogrammetric models has the potential to assist the user in performing basic off-line engineering inspection of digital twins-digitized representations of real-world objects and structures. However, for such benefits to materialize it is necessary to create suitable interactive systems for working with photogrammetric models in VR. To this end this paper presents PhotoTwinVR-an immersive gesture-controlled system for manipulation and inspection of 3D photogrammetric models of physical objects in VR. An observational study with three domain experts validates the feasibility of the system design for practical use-cases involving off-line inspections of pipelines and other 3D structures.PHOTOGRAMMETRY is a set of methods for extracting information about physical objects from their photographic surveys [1]. Such infor-mation can then be used to construct 3D models, called digital twins, of these real-world objects.We see great potential in embedding pho-
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