Purpose The purpose of this paper is to first present the key features of the fuzzy logic (FL) approach as a cost-effective technique in simulations of complex systems and then demonstrate the formulation and application of the method. Design/methodology/approach The FL approach is used as an alternative method of data handling, considering the complexity of analytical and numerical procedures and high costs of empirical experiments. The distance from gas distributor, the temperature and the voidage of the bed, flue gas velocity and the load of the boiler are the input parameters, whereas the overall heat transfer coefficient for the membrane walls constitutes the output. Five overlapping sigmoid and constant linguistic terms are used to describe the input and the output data, respectively. The Takagi–Sugeno inference engine and the weighted average defuzzification methods are applied to determine the fuzzy and crisp output value, respectively. Findings The performed FL model allows predicting the bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient in a large-scale 670 t/h circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. The local heat transfer coefficients evaluated using the developed model are in very good agreement with the data obtained in complementary investigations. Originality/value The performed model constitutes an easy-to-use and functional tool. The new approach can be helpful for further research on the bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient in the CFB units.
Abstract. Cement subsector next to the glass industry is counted among one of the most energy-intensive industries, which absorbs approx. 12-15% of the total energy consumed by the industry. In the paper various methods of energy consumption reduction of in the cement industry are discussed. Cement production carries a very large emissions of greenhouse gases, where CO 2 emissions on a global scale with the industry than approx. 5%. Great opportunity in CO 2 emissions reduction in addition to the recovery of waste heat is also alternative fuels co-firing in cement kilns [1], [2]. In the cement sector interest in fitting-usable waste energy is growing in order to achieve high rates of savings and hence the financial benefits, as well as the environment ones [3]. In the process of cement production is lost irretrievably lot of energy and reduction of these losses on a global scale gives a visible saving of consumed fuel. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of waste heat use in Rudniki Cement Plant near to Czestochowa. After analyzing of all waste heat sources will be analyzed the heat emitted by radiation from the surface of the rotary kiln at the relevant facility. On the basis of thermal-flow calculations the most favorable radiative heat exchanger will be designed. The calculations based on available measurements provided by the cement plant, a thermal power of the heat exchanger, the heat exchange surface, the geometry of the heat exchanger, and other important parameters will be established. In addition the preliminary calculations of hydraulic losses and set directions for further work will be carried out. Direct benefits observed with the introduction of the broader heat recovery technology, is a significant increase in energy efficiency of the industrial process, which is reflected in the reduction of energy consumption and costs. Indirectly it leads to a reduction of pollution and energy consumption.
Abstract. Nowadays, one of the major economic problems is the increasing energy consumption and the long-term forecasts electricity demand by 2050 will increase several times as compared to 1990. Hence also to reduce the emissions of harmful combustion products there are investments undertaken for inter alia renewable energy sources and seeks to make the most efficient manufacturing system by levelling eg. heat losses at various stages of production, eg. electricity or also another product. Production often entails the formation of by-product which is waste heat. One of the equipment processing heat into electricity is a thermoelectric generator. Its operation is based on the principle of thermoelectric phenomenon, which is known as a Seebeck phenomenon. The simplicity of thermoelectric phenomena allows its use in various industries, in which the main waste product is in the form of heat with the temperature of several hundred degrees. The study analyses the possibility of the thermoelectric systems use for the waste heat utilization resulting in the cement production at the cement plant. The location and design of the thermoelectric system that could be implemented in cement plant is chosen. The analysis has been prepared in the IPSEpro software.
Abstract. In this paper an attempt is a comprehensive presentation of the problem of methane emissions from ventilation air from the mines to the atmosphere and possible solutions are suggested. Methane is released during excavation work in coal mines is a big problem in terms of safety and environmental protection. At the same time, it is a further potential source of energy that has been not yet used on a larger scale [1]. In order to properly identify ventilation air methane as an energy source will be presented its properties and possible complications due to the nature of this type fuel. A very important part will also determine the methane potential from ventilation air in Poland [2]. The work provides an overview of available technology for methane utilization from ventilation air as a fuel. Important from the point of view of the rest of the work is presentation of catalytic flow-reversal reactor technology created in Poland. Main objective of the topic is the development and modeling of heat recovery system cooperating with the IUMK-1000 installation [3]. The premise is the electricity production and also heat for central heating when it is technically feasible and justified in economic terms. Different concepts of heat recovery are modeled by the IPSEPro software. Then an analysis of the efficiency and performance of the proposed system is carried out. Based on the results, an individual concepts cycle works were analyzed and assessed and the best solutions possible for implementation on an industrial scale is selected.
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