Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that not only damages the stomatognathic system, but may also adversely influence other systems and organs. Patients with low oral health literacy levels are more prone to gingivitis/periodontitis and have a more severe disease course. Methods: A written questionnaire was carried out to assess the knowledge of patients of the Outpatient Clinic of Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. The questions concerned knowledge regarding the causes of periodontal disease, its risk factors, and the connection between periodontal disease and general health status. To analyze the population, patients were divided according to gender, age and if they were first-time or regular outpatients. Results: Written questionnaires were completed by a total of 302 patients. In the studied population, we noted knowledge deficits, particularly related to weaker periodontal disease risk factors (stress, diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity) and the genetic factor, which is the determinant of periodontitis. The patients’ awareness of the role of plaque bacteria and the effect of smoking on the periodontium was at a relatively high level. The respondents were also aware of the impact of periodontal disease on general health as well as the role of oral hygiene in preventing the disease. At the same time, few of them (26%) used interdental brushes or an irrigator (8%). Conclusions: We demonstrated that patients have an insufficient level of knowledge related to risk factors as well as the prevention of periodontal disease. Awareness of the extent of oral health literacy among patients will help to identify key issues connected with health education interventions
Cel pracy: Celem pracy jest ocena przydatności ciała szklistego oka (vitreous humour-VH) w oznaczaniu alkoholemii u zmarłych. W pracy przedstawiono korelację pomiędzy zawartością alkoholu etylowego w ciele szklistym a stężeniem alkoholu etylowego we krwi żylnej (femoral blood-FB). Materiał i metody: Materiał do badań stanowiły próbki krwi i ciała szklistego oka pobrane od 62 osób zmarłych w latach 2012-2016, których sekcje przeprowadzono w Zakładzie Medycyny Sądowej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku. Do badania zawartości alkoholu wykorzystano metodę chromatografii gazowej (GC). Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej przy użyciu programu MF Excel oraz Statistica 12.5, a następnie przedstawiono w formie opisowej oraz rycin i wykresów. Wyniki: Analiza statystyczna nie wykazała istotnych różnic pomiędzy stężeniem etanolu w VH i w FB. Korelacja Spear mana pomiędzy stężeniem etanolu w badanych materiałach wyniosła r = 0,96, p < 0,01. Wnioski: Przeprowadzone badania nie wykazały statystycznie istotnych różnic pomiędzy stężeniem alkoholu w VH i FB. Pozwala to przyjąć, że w przypadkach, gdy nie ma możliwości pobrania do badań toksykologicznych krwi żylnej, ciało szkliste oka może być stosowane jako wiarygodny materiał alternatywny.
The alternative light source (ALS) is a helpful technique for the detection of biological traces at a crime scene, which allows preservation of the material without destroying it. The aim of this study was to differentiate the human blood from a group of simulated bloodstains, which included: red borscht, raspberry juice, cherry liqueur, cranberry juice, tomato bruschetta, tomato paste, raspberry jam, rust, red spray, red wine and tomato ketchup. Stains, made of different types of material, were illuminated with the ALS emitted by the Mini-CrimeScope 400 (SPEX Forensics) with yellow, dark yellow, orange and red filters. The results of the analysis were presented as a description and also documented in photographs. The usage of light sources without color cut-off filters does not allow us to differentiate unequivocally real bloodstains from the trace evidence imitating or resembling bloodstains. The usage of different color cut-off filters (especially red filter) allowed us to exclude simulated bloodstains made of food and alcohol by using CSS light and light with a wavelength of 535 nm, 515 nm, 455 nm, 415 nm and 300-400 nm. Due to the different optical properties of blood and substances containing vegetable ingredients, forensic experts can differentiate human blood from simulated bloodstains by using the ALS in a non-destructive and quick way already at the crime scene. The ALS may be an example of a method which can replace more commonly used chemical-based screening tests.
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