Main principles are considered of formation of special files on observed hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena (HHP) and adverse weather, along with experience of Roshydromet in standardization of registration and reports on their damaging effects. The first base is designed on the basis on hazardous phenomena registered by the hydrometeorological stations according to authorized criteria regardless the damaging effects on economy and population; these data are collected and stored in the State Data Foundation. These are special climatic data series on HHP from the stations; they are used in the studies of extreme and hazardous weather. The second base collects information on adverse and hazardous weather causing economic and social damage, irrespective of the HHP criteria reached or not. Distribution is presented of total case number of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena causing social and economic damage during 1991-2008.During the whole history of humanity, the life of the society depends on climate and its changes, that is, on the weather conditions, as the climate is formed by weather. This is natural condition of economic development, its dependence on weather.The decisions, made by the governments and based on available hydrometeorological information (especially the forecasting information) and on analytical reviews, affect life and prosperity of millions people worldwide. This is an indisputable fact; numerous studies [1-5, 8, 9, 11, 14-21] demonstrate important role of the weather services in stable development of economy and society.Effects of adverse hydrometeorological conditions (in particular, adverse weather (AW 1 ) and HHP) on economy became, during last decades, significant and often extremely dangerous and ruinous. In a number of cases, as real data show, this causes instability in operation of the economic system or its separate regional sections, which disturbs normal dynamic development of the society ([1, 2, 4-6, 16, 17, 19, 20] and others). Effect of a single natural disaster on industrial infrastructure of a separate city or region can drive back its normal functioning and even development for several years.According to information of the Center for Studies of Disaster Epidemiology (CSDE), during the decade of 1992-2001, about 90% of all natural disasters were caused by meteorological or hydrological processes. Economic damages due to floods and adverse weather have been estimated to reach 446 billion USD, or 65% of damage of all natural disasters.According to other statistical information, during 1994-2004, natural disasters caused total damage exceeding 730 billion USD, and more than 1100 million people have suffered. The situations which affect national economies so that the damage exceeds 1% of the gross home product (GHP), sometimes reaching its large part (the damage in Honduras in 1998 reached one third of GHP [6]), cause serious concern of the international organizations assisting economical development.
Establishment of the Russian-Ukrainian WDS Segment and its state of the art, main priorities and research activities are described. One of the high priority tasks for Segment members is development of a common information space -transition from Legacy Systems and individual services to a common, globally interoperable, distributed data system that incorporates emerging technologies and new scientific data activities. The new system will build on the potential and added value offered by advanced interconnections between data management and data processing components for disciplinary and multidisciplinary applications. Thus, the principles of the architectural organization of intelligent data processing systems are discussed in this paper.
A wide range of issues associated with use of weather-climate resources under increasing climate instability is considered in this paper. First of all, development of a mechanism of adaptation to possible weather and climate changes is of particular importance. Various aspects of meteorological vulnerability and possible development of a more stringent meteoeconomic model of optimal adaptation are studied. Particular attention is paid to meteorological vulnerability. As a result, matrix description of the loss function and functional description of adaptation, which contributes to a scientific evaluation of the management of meteorological risks, was revealed.All components of the environment (i.e., lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere) are the basic sources of natural resources that define economic activity and evolution of the society. So-called "hydrometeorological resource" (weather and climate) is of special socioeconomic importance.As it is known from historical chronicles of many peoples, weather and climate substantially influence the creative process of evolution. However, besides support of societal and economic activity, they also play a destructive role in the economy and in the social sphere. A dual role of weather and climate is permanently pronounced. This explains the indisputable recognition of preferential significance of hydrometeorological information resources, especially prognostic ones [4]. Studies of medium-term and long-term economic consequences of the global climate warming performed over the last years [10,20] are important as well.In Russia, short-range forecasts cover approximately 70% of required hydrometeorological information. The information weather-climate resource is more often included into a resource base of socioeconomic development by both hydrometeorologists and economists. This fact reflects the significance of a major problem of the hydrometeorological service as a whole and, in particular, of a specialized hydrometeorological service that is aimed to satisfy needs of a certain customer, i.e., to reduce as much as possible or completely prevent any economic and social losses caused by hydrometeorological reasons.The permanent process of weather and climate influence on economy includes periods of hazardous impacts. Increasing economic and social losses caused by the hydrometeorological environment are observed in all countries of the world, including Russia. They are well known because of many estimates obtained in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Bank and Munich Reassurance Company, fragmentary information of national hydrometeorological services in a number of countries, and researches conducted by Roshydromet [3]. For example, in Russia, according to the expert estimates, annual mean losses over the last years amount to at least 60 billion rubles [21] and can reach, in our opinion, 80 billion rubles and more. Recognizing the magnitudes of losses caused by hydrometeorological factors, Roshydromet promotes the increased efficiency of the use of hyd...
RIHMI-WDC, which performs the functions of the World Data Center B on Meteorology and Oceanography, is to considerable extent involved in the implementation of both national and international components of the IPY Programme. To ensure IPY data management several regulatory documents have been developed ranging from the "Concept of information exchange in the period of the International Polar Year 2007-2008" to data collection and storage formats. Basic principles of national data collection and exchange are determined in the document "Policy of national data management in the period of the International Polar Year 2007-2008." The main working document to be used by all IPY participants is the "IPY 2007-2008 Data Management Plan." To implement data integration and exchange the system IPY-Info has been developed. It is based on the recent advancements in the field of Web-technologies, specifically on the technologies and information structure developed under the Unified State System of Information on the State of the World Ocean (UISWO). The system will make it possible to monitor IPY data and metadata collection and allow users to perform remote search, displaying and retrieval of IPY data irrespective of their physical location.
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