A wide range of issues associated with use of weather-climate resources under increasing climate instability is considered in this paper. First of all, development of a mechanism of adaptation to possible weather and climate changes is of particular importance. Various aspects of meteorological vulnerability and possible development of a more stringent meteoeconomic model of optimal adaptation are studied. Particular attention is paid to meteorological vulnerability. As a result, matrix description of the loss function and functional description of adaptation, which contributes to a scientific evaluation of the management of meteorological risks, was revealed.All components of the environment (i.e., lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere) are the basic sources of natural resources that define economic activity and evolution of the society. So-called "hydrometeorological resource" (weather and climate) is of special socioeconomic importance.As it is known from historical chronicles of many peoples, weather and climate substantially influence the creative process of evolution. However, besides support of societal and economic activity, they also play a destructive role in the economy and in the social sphere. A dual role of weather and climate is permanently pronounced. This explains the indisputable recognition of preferential significance of hydrometeorological information resources, especially prognostic ones [4]. Studies of medium-term and long-term economic consequences of the global climate warming performed over the last years [10,20] are important as well.In Russia, short-range forecasts cover approximately 70% of required hydrometeorological information. The information weather-climate resource is more often included into a resource base of socioeconomic development by both hydrometeorologists and economists. This fact reflects the significance of a major problem of the hydrometeorological service as a whole and, in particular, of a specialized hydrometeorological service that is aimed to satisfy needs of a certain customer, i.e., to reduce as much as possible or completely prevent any economic and social losses caused by hydrometeorological reasons.The permanent process of weather and climate influence on economy includes periods of hazardous impacts. Increasing economic and social losses caused by the hydrometeorological environment are observed in all countries of the world, including Russia. They are well known because of many estimates obtained in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Bank and Munich Reassurance Company, fragmentary information of national hydrometeorological services in a number of countries, and researches conducted by Roshydromet [3]. For example, in Russia, according to the expert estimates, annual mean losses over the last years amount to at least 60 billion rubles [21] and can reach, in our opinion, 80 billion rubles and more. Recognizing the magnitudes of losses caused by hydrometeorological factors, Roshydromet promotes the increased efficiency of the use of hyd...
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