Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of dietary amino acid level on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility. Six barrows, average initial BW 35 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum and fed six diets according to a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Six cornstarch-based diets containing six levels of CP from SBM (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24% CP, respectively) were formulated. Chronic oxide was included as a digestibility marker. Each experimental period consisted of 8 d. After a 6-d adaptation period, ileal digesta were collected for 24 h during d 7 and 9 at 2-h intervals. The pigs were fed twice daily, equal amounts, at 0800 and 2000. The dietary allowance was 1,600 g/d during the first period and increased by 100 g each following period. There was a quadratic increase (P < .05) in apparent ileal amino acid digestibility as the dietary CP content was increased from 4 to 24%. Initially, the apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities increased sharply then gradually reached their plateaus, after which there were no further increases and the digestibility values became independent of the dietary amino acid levels. The lower end points of 95% confidence intervals of the plateau ileal digestibility values were defined to be the initial plateau digestibilities. The dietary CP and amino acid contents, corresponding to the initial plateau digestibility values, represent the dietary threshold levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

AnimalsFourteen pigs (Yorkshire x Landrace), weaned at 3 weeks of age, were obtained from the University of Alberta swine herd. The pigs were housed individually in metabolic crates (height: 85 cm; length: 70 cm; width: 65 cm) in a barn with automatic temperature control (25 to 28" C) and fed an 18% crude protein starter diet (SAUER et al. 1983) adlibitum. Water was freely available from a low-pressure drinking nipple.The pigs were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum on d 2 and 3 after weaning. Most of the pigs recovered from anaesthesia within 2 to 3 h after surgery. Following a 7-d recuperation period, 12 pigs were selected (based on recovery performance) and fed the U.S.

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß des Rohproteingehaltes in der Ration auf die ileale undfekale Aminosäuren‐Verdaulichkeit bei frühabgesetzten Ferkeln Der Einfluß des Rohproteingehaltes in der Ration auf die ileale und fekale Verdaulichkeit des Rohproteins und der Aminosäuren wurde an 12 Ferkeln (Yorkshire × Landrasse), die nach drei Wochen abgesetzt wurden, untersucht. Die Ferkel waren mit einer einfachen T‐Kanüle am distalen Ileum versehen und erhielten vier Rationen auf der Basis von Maisstärke mit 16,5, 19,5, 22,5 und 25,5% Rohprotein aus Sojabohnenmehl. Die Ferkel wurden viermal täglich um 02.00, 08.00, 14.00 und 20.00 Uhr gefüttert und erhielten 5% (w/w) ihres durchschnittlichen Körpergewichtes, das jeweils am Beginn der Versuchsperiode ermittelt wurde. Jede Versuchsperiode umfaßte 9 Tage. Kot wurde an Tag 6 und 7 gesammelt, ileale Digestaproben wurden an Tag 8 und 9 genommen. Zur Bestimmung der Verdaulichkeit wurde Chromoxid als Marker zugesetzt. Es konnten keine Unterschiede (P > 0,05) in den scheinbaren ilealen Verdaulichkeiten beim Rohprotein und bei den Aminosäuren in Abhängigkeit vom Rohproteingehalt in der Ration beobachtet werden. Die durchschnittlichen ilealen Verdaulichkeiten für die essentiellen Aminosäuren lagen bei 84,2, 84,6, 83,3 und 83,2% mil 16,5, 19,5,22,5 und 25,5% Rohprotein. Auf der Basis einer polynomialen Regressionsanalyse fielen die ilealen Verdaulichkeiten der meisten Aminosäuren linear (P < 0,05) bei steigenden Rohproteingehalten ab. Die fekalen Verdaulichkeiten wurden durch die Behandlung nicht beeinflußt (P > 0,05).

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Fan, M. Z.,sauer,w. c. and Gabert, v. M. 1996. Variability of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in canola meal for growing-finishing pigs, Can J. Anim. Sci. 76: 563-569. studi.r weii conducted with six barrows, average initial body weight 32.5kg,fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, to determine some of the factors responsible for the variability in apparent ileal digestibility values of amino acids (AA) * .un9]1 meal. The barrows were fed six corn starch-based diets, formulated to contain 1g.0% crude protein (Cp) on a dry matter (DM) taslr f.om six canola meal sampies, accordinq^to a^6 x 6 Latin square design' Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as a digestibility marker. The pigs were fed twice daily, at 08:00 and 20:00 h' The dietary allowance was 1600 g d-I. Each experimental period consisteO of t-4. Ileal digesta were collected'.1t2-.h intervals, for a total of 24 h from0g:00 on day 6 to 0g:00 h on day g. with th".*..ption of proline, there were differences (P < 0.05) in the apparent ileal digestibility values of all AA among the six canola-.at ,umpt.s. cif th. indirp.nsable AA_ in canola meal, the digestibility values of arginine, histidine, and methionin. *.r. ,.lutiu"iy high, ranging ftom 74.4 b 84.4, from 76 5 to 8 I '0%' and from 77 '3 to g2.4o/o,respectively, while the digestibility values of threoniie'attdiyptophan were relatively low, ranging from 59'7 to 66'5 and from 61.7 to 6j.5%o,respectively. Furthermore, *tttr tlr. exception of u_Ei"-", the digestibilify values of the indispensable AA were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the neutral-detergent nber 6or; content in canola meal. In addition, with the exception of threonine, tryptophan and valine, the digestibility vatries orte indispensable AA were positively correlated (P < 0'05) with their respective dietary levels. In conciusion, h.urur.d with the ileal anaiysis method, there were differences (P < 0'05) in the digestibility values of the majority of AA amolg th. .unotu meal samples. Differences in NDF content were mainly responsible for the variation. In addition, iifferences in trr. a[tuw i.u.ls ofmost AA also contributed, in part, to the variation ofAA digestibil-ity values. Fan, M. 2., Sauer, W. C. et Gabert, V. M. 1996. Variabilit6 de la digestibilit6 il6ale des acides amin6s du tourteau de colza canola chez les porcs en croissance-finition. Can J. Anim. Sci. 76: iel-sag. Des observations ont 6t6 prises sur 6 porcs m'dles castr6s d,un poids de d6part moyen de32,5 kg, munis d'une canuie en T d f il6on distal, afin d'elucider certaines des causes de la variabilit6 des valeurs de digestibilit6 il6ale apparente des acides amin6s (AA) du tourteau du colza canola. Les castrat recevaient, selon un dispositif en carrd"latin 6 " 6, chacun de 6 regimes alimentaires^it base d'amidon de mais, portees d une teneur en pro-t6ines brutes (pB) de lg%o itl'etatsec par inclusion de"6 6chantillons diff6rents de tourteau de colza canola. L'acide chromique (0,3%) servait de marqueur de digestibilit6. Les porcs 6taient aliment6s deux fois par jour, ...

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Variability of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in different pea samples for growing-finishing pigs. Can J. Anim. Sci. 79: 467-475. Six barrows, average initial body weight 32.5 kg, fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were used to investigate factors responsible for the variability of apparent ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values among six pea samples. The barrows were fed six corn-starch-based diets, formulated to contain 16.5% crude protein (CP) (as-fed) from six different pea samples, according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as the digestibility marker. The pigs were fed twice daily, at 0800 and 2000 h. The dietary allowance was 1600 g d -1 . Each experimental period lasted 7 d. Ileal digesta were collected at 2-h intervals for a total of 24 h from 0800 h on day 6 to 0800 h on day 8. With the exception of arginine, cysteine, histidine, and methionine, there were differences (P < 0.05) in the apparent ileal digestibility values of the indispensable including semi-essential (+semi-) AA among the pea samples. Of the indispensable AA (+semi-) within each pea sample, the digestibility values of arginine and lysine were relatively high, ranging from 88.3 to 91.3% and from 78.7 to 85.2%, respectively, while the digestibility values of cysteine, methionine, and tryptophan were relatively low, ranging from 53.8 to 62.7%, from 69.4 to 75.4%, and from 53.1 to 70.4%, respectively. With the exception of arginine, cysteine, and tryptophan, the ileal digestibility values of the indispensable AA (+semi-) were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the neutral-detergent fiber content in the pea samples. Of all the AA, only the digestibility of tryptophan was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the trypsin inhibitor activity in the pea samples. The significant finding of this study was that with the exception of arginine, cysteine, and proline, differences in the digestibility values of all other AA in the pea samples were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with their respective dietary AA contents. This suggests that differences in AA levels in the assay diets were responsible for the variability of apparent ileal digestibility values of AA between pea samples. Therefore, to eliminate this methodological effect, true rather than apparent ileal AA digestibility values for peas should be determined.Key words: Amino acids, ileal digestibility, peas, pigs Fan, M. Z. et Sauer, W. C. 1999. Variabilité de la digestibilité iléale apparente des acides aminés de divers échantillons de pois chez des porcs en croissance-finition. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 467-475. Six jeunes porcs mâles castrés, d'un poids corporel initial de 32,5 kg en moyenne et munis d'une fistule en T simple à l'iléon distal, ont servi à l'examen des facteurs responsables de la variabilité de la digestibilité idéale apparente des acides aminés de six lots de graines de pois. Les porcs recevaient six régimes alimentaires à base d'amidon de maïs, contenant 16,5 % de protéine brute (PB) en l'état, provenant de six ...

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of phytase supplementation to diets with two levels of phosphorus (P) on ileal and faecal digestibility of nutrients and phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen and energy balances in growing pigs. Fifteen Landrace × Large White × Chinese Black barrows, with an initial live weight of 22·2 kg fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were randomly allocated to one of the five diet treatments, according to a of cross-over design with two periods. The basal diet was typical of southern Asia with maize/rice and rapeseed/cottonseed meals. A normal (NP, supplemented with 4·8 g/kg of CaHPO4) and a low-P diet (LP, not supplemented with CaHPO4) were formulated. Both of the diets were supplemented with and without Natuphos® Phytase (500 phytase units (FTU) per kg diet). An enzyme hydrolysed casein (EHC) diet (diet 5) was also formulated to determine the flow of the ileal endogenous amino acids (AA). The results showed that both the higher level P treatment and phytase supplementation increased (P < 0·05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and energy. Phytase supplementation also increased (P < 0·05) the AID of Ca and P. Pigs given the higher level of P or the phytase diet increased apparent faecal digestibility (AFD) of DM, OM and energy. Phytase supplementation reduced (P < 0·01) faecal Ca output and increased (P < 0·05) proportional Ca retention. The higher level of P increased (P < 0·001) total P intake and P retention (P < 0·05) but did not affect the proportion of P retained (P > 0·05). Phytase supplementation did not affect P balance (P > 0·05). Pigs given the higher level P or the phytase diet had reduced (P < 0·05) faecal energy concentration, although there was no affect on urine energy output, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME). However, there were P × phytase effects on DE and ME (P < 0·05). There were no P × phytase effects (P > 0·05) on AID of AA except with isoleucine (P < 0·01). Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0·05) AID of histidine, isoleucine, threonine and glutamine and there was a numeric increase in AID for most of the other AA. There was P × phytase effect on AFD of histidine (P < 0·05), isoleucine (P < 0·05), methionine (P < 0·05) and threonine (P < 0·01). Phytase supplementation increased the AFD of isoleucine (P < 0·05), threonine (P < 0·01) and tended to increase AFD of tyrosine (P < 0·05). The level of MCP affected the AFD of lysine (P < 0·01), threonine (P < 0·05), aspartic acid (P < 0·05). Phytase supplementation increased true ileal digestibility of histidine (P < 0·05), isoleucine (P < 0·001), threonine (P = 0·001), glutamine (P < 0·01), respectively. These results indicate that phytase used in the present study was able to improve the utilization of DM, OM, CP, Ca, P, energy and amino acid in a maize/rice and rapeseed/cottonseed meal based diet and reduce total output of them in manure.