Marine mammals are widely distributed and can be found almost in all coastal waters and coastlines around the world. The interface areas between marine and terrestrial environments provide natural habitats for aquatic and semiaquatic mammals as well as for reservoir species of avian influenza viruses (AIV) (Runstadler et al. 2013). Previous studies showed that wild aquatic birds, the natural reservoir of AIV, are able to transmit the virus to various mammals, including seals, swine, horses, muskrats, and humans (Webster et al. 1992; Reperant et al. 2009; Gulyaeva et al. 2017). Close contacts between sea mammals and wild birds on breeding-grounds could promote both interspecies transmission of AIV and virus establishment in a new host
The combination of etiotropic antiviral drugs with Kagocel enhances the efficiency of antiviral therapy. Monitoring of antiviral cytokines during the treatment of influenza A is a convenient tool to verify the efficiency of antiviral therapy and needs to be more widely introduced into medical practice.
We report here the complete genome sequence (GenBank KP997032) of rabies virus strain RABV/Ursus arctos/Russia/Primorye/PO-01/2014, isolated in November 2014 from a brown bear (Ursus arctos) that attacked a person in Primorsky Krai (Russian Federation). This strain was clustered into the Eurasian genetic subgroup of genotype 1 (street rage).
Enumerating procedure for symbol sequences is proposed. Relationship between Hamming distance for symbol sequences and Euclidean distance for corresponding enumerations is established, and more universal Hamming-transformed Euclidean measure is constructed. A distribution function of amino acid substitutions and some of its point estimators (consensus, subconsensus, sample mean, sample central moments and asymmetry coefficient) are introduced. Hamming-transformed Euclidean measures between consensus, subconsensus and sample means for ten HIV-1 taxons of gp120 V3 regions are calculated. It is demonstrated that these taxons have a complicated pattern which is significant for their classification.
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