Holsteinized Russian black pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large highly productive animals with a high genetic potential of productivity. The purpose of the work was to study the productive qualities of Holsteinized black pied cattle with a high proportion of thorough-bredness in the Holstein breed and their interrelation. Milk yield per lactation increases reaching the maximum for the third lactation. The increase amounted to o 1409 kg or 14.9% relative to the first one. The study has found changes in milk quality indicators; the indicators fluctuated depending on lactation, yet a tendency to increase MFF in milk from the first to the third lactation was revealed. The highest indicators were shown in the second lactation. During this lactation, the highest milk protein content was observed – 3.26%. Due to the increase in milk yield and milk quality indicators, an increase in the amount of milk fat and milk protein per lactation is observed from 679 kg (1 lactation) to 782 kg (2 lactation). The correlation between milk yield and milk quality indicators being MFF and MFP varies depending on lactation. Mainly, with the exception of the first lactation and the interrelation of milk yield per lactation - MFP in milk was negative and amounted to 0.11. That is, with an increase in milk yield, there is a decrease in MFF and MFP in milk.
Currently first place in the number is a domestic black-motley breed, second place – Holstein. In the Sverdlovsk region, the Ural type of black-and-white cattle was created and officially registered in 2002 by crossing the breeding stock of the black-and-white breed of the Ural offspring with the Holstein bulls. In recent years, there has been a stable significant increase in milk productivity, as a result of which in five years the milk yield for the herd increased by 1388 kg of milk, and for full-aged cows by 1655 kg and reached 10257 kg. A significant increase in productivity was accompanied by a significant increase in the fat content in milk by 0.26% on average for the herd, and by 0.47% for first heifers. protein-Milk content has not changed much, but it is still not high enough. Over the past five years, there has been an increase in the variability of the main selectible trait – milk yield for both the first and third lactation. The selection boundaries for such an important quality indicator of milk as protein content have been slightly expanded. Coefficient of variability in protein content. The negative impact of milk yield on the level of fat content of the herd over the past more than 15 years has naturally changed from an average negative to an average positive in first-heifers, and in full-aged cows it has decreased from -0.17 to -0.08. The dependence of milk yield after the third calving on the results of the first lactation has decreased, but it is still quite significant, as evidenced by the corresponding correlation coefficient of 0.28. The increase in the correlation coefficient between the milk yield of mothers and daughters has almost doubled in ten years.
The “line” of hybrids recommended by the Ural Research Institute of Agriculture Ob 140 SV (FAO 140), Ross 130 MV (FAO 130) and Kuban 101 SV (later Kuban 102 SV) (FAO 120) in 2016…2020 occupied 81.8…90.6% in the structure of sown seeds in the Sverdlovsk region. The area under corn by 2014 increased to 19.39 thousand hectares (6.3 times compared to 2008) and in 2015…2020 it stabilized at the level of 19.3…21.0 thousand hectares. The production test of the “grain” corn cultivation technology developed by the Ural Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences was carried out in four basic farms, in which the area of corn sown increased by 1.9 times over the period from 2012 to 2020, with a simultaneous increase in the sowings of high-protein crops: alfalfa and oilseeds. In the agricultural organizations of the SEC “Kilachevsky” and the SEC named after. The starch content in the silo reached 202-364 g/kg in 2017…2020, in some years it decreased to 142…146 g/kg (SEC “Kilachevsky”) and to 64…67 g/kg (SEC im. Zhukov). Over the past 3…5 years, individual farms of the region have begun to harvest cornage from corn. In the SEC “Kilachevsky”, the starch content in the new type of feed was 247 g/kg SV in 2018, 341…407 g/kg in 2019 and 439 g/kg SV in 2020. The research was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI URFANITS UrB RAS as part of the State Task on the topic “Creation and improvement of adaptive technologies for the cultivation and processing of economically significant agricultural crops based on the optimization of biotic and abiotic factors”.
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