Vaginal vibrators and other sexual surrogates are readily available in most metropolitan areas in the USA, often over the counter in pharmacies. Although usually not advertised as such, they are designed for use within the vagina, which, being fairly short, makes their retrieval comparatively easy. But increasingly these devices are being used to gratify anal erotism and may easily be inserted beyond the anal sphincters. These tend to close and to force a foreign object up the tract out of reach of the user, so that it has to be retrieved by surgery. We think these cases are increasing and that therefore the following reports are timely. Case reports
Human bone 14,000 years of age from the Egyptian Nubian Desert has shown ultrastructural preservation of fossilized fibers with a periodicity of 600 A. Intact Haversian systems were retained, but hydroxyproline and nitrogen contents were negligible. The fluorine content was markedly elevated. The complex chemical process of fossilization which resulted in retention of gross and micromorphology was examined and indicated the loss of organic material with probable replacement of some hydroxyapatite by amorphous and crystalline carbonates and phosphates.AM. J. PHYS. ANTHROP., 28: 157-162.157
Anatomic, histological and experimental investigations show that for preventing luxation of the peroneal tendons, the shape of the retromalleolar groove is less important. The deciding structure is the retinaculum musculorum peroneorum superius. A subtly differentiated way for diagnosis and therapy, depending on the natural anatomy is presented. The results of a follow-up examination of 31 patients are reported.
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