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The network society has a major impact on knowledge systems, also in agricultural and rural development. It has changed relationships between actors such as farmers, extension workers, researchers, policy makers, businessmen and consumers. These changes require different language, concepts and tools as compared to the time that it was thought that science led the way, and new findings had to be disseminated to target groups. In this paper we argue that also the language of the market, talking about clients and knowledge producers, demand driven systems and calculable results is insufficient to describe what actually happens in innovative farmers networks or to guide knowledge workers in what to do for speeding up such processes.The paper is based on experiences from a large scale experiment in the Netherlands: the "Networks in Animal Husbandry" programme (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). Yearly some 50 networks of entrepreneurs in animal husbandry have been assisted by 25 -35 knowledge workers (mostly researchers from Wageningen University and Research). The basic idea was asking farmers to come up with innovative ideas that could help the sector further on the track of sustainable development, and then to assist them with scientific expertise. The facilitators were embedded in a learning community and they were provided with language, tools and methods that grew along the way. After three rounds with in total 120 networks and many meetings for joint reflection with the facilitators a huge amount of experiences has been registered. Their work required a new generation of tools: as 'free actors' they had to learn how to navigate in unknown areas, recognise at any moment what was at stake and intervene appropriately. The programme did not start with a theory or approach, but with an ambition to bridge the gap between research and farmers in a new manner. It ended up with the "FAN approach": Free Actors in Networks".The concept of 'living networks' and the ecological view on knowledge, as explained in earlier IFSA conferences (Wielinga, IFSA 2004, 2006, were adopted in the programme as theoretical framework.In this paper we we describe the major outcomes of the experiment, the lessons learned regarding language and tools for knowledge workers working with networks, and new questions that have arisen.
This paper offers a systematic overview of policies that may cause synergies and trade-offs between agricultural policy objectives on productivity, climate change adaptation and mitigation for the Netherlands. Implementation of the climate policy is to a large extent based on voluntary agreements with the private sector, but supported by regulations, subsidies, tax incentives, emissions trade, extension services and demonstration projects. Synergies between objectives are exploited through policy different programmes including public private partnerships (PPP) at different institutional levels.
In de glastuinbouw, melkveehouderij en intensieve veehouderij zijn beleids-en andere instrumenten ingezet om energie-en klimaatdoelstellingen te halen. De doelen voor 2020 zijn nog niet allemaal gehaald en zijn soms ook niet binnen handbereik. Dit geldt met name voor productie van duurzame energie en reductie van broeikasgassen in de melkveehouderij en voor productie van duurzame energie door co-vergisting en reductie van CO2-emissie in de intensieve veehouderij. Educatie, economische incentives en wet-en regelgeving zijn de belangrijkste instrumenten. De glastuinbouw gebruikt meer specifieke tuinbouwgerichte instrumenten, terwijl de veehouderij vooral generieke instrumenten inzet. Regelmatig wordt herzien of de instrumenten nog wel het juiste gedrag ondersteunen en niet inzetten op innovaties die al achterhaald zijn of niet bijdragen aan lange termijn doelen. Een aandachtspunt is dat het aantal tools of handvatten om ondernemers te helpen klimaaten energiedoelstellingen na te streven nog beperkt is terwijl juist handelingsperspectief belangrijk is voor ondernemers. Daarnaast lijkt communicatie en kennisoverdracht nu nog vooral gericht te zijn op ondernemers die actief een bijdrage willen leveren, terwijl ook andere, meer passieve ondernemers meegenomen moeten worden in de ontwikkelingen.Greenhouse horticulture, dairy farming and intensive livestock farming have access to policy and other instruments that help these sectors move closer to their energy and climate objectives. However, while some objectives for 2020 are close to being achieved, others are more remote. This applies in particular to the production of renewable energy and the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions in the dairy sector, as well as the production of renewable energy using co-fermentation and the reduction of CO2 emissions in intensive livestock farming. Education, economic incentives and regulations and legislation represent the major instruments used. Horticulture uses more specific instruments tailored to the nature of the sector, while livestock farming largely favours generic instruments. Regular reviews are carried out to assess whether the instruments still incentivise the appropriate behaviour and do not fund innovations that are already out of date or do not contribute to long-term objectives. A point for attention, however, is the limited number of tools -or limited support -for business owners to move closer to their climate and energy objectives. This is in spite of the need for business owners to have a perspective for action. Alongside this, current communication and knowledge transfer appear to concentrate on business owners who are actively working toward these objectives, even though more 'passive' business owners should also be involved in developments. Meer aandacht nodig voor de intensieve veehouderijProgramma's als hierboven genoemd ontbreken in de intensieve veehouderij grotendeels. Hier zou verandering in moeten komen. Wel is op de website agroenergiek.nl van LTO voor alle sectoren informatie te vinden over energie...
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