Microemulsion systems with water, toluene and nonionic surfactants are interesting for application due to the excellent solvent properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the pseudo-binary phase diagram (?fish-diagram?) of such a ternary system was investigated using a branched technical alkyl polyethoxylate. Lutensol ON 50 (i-C10E5) was considered a suitable surfactant. The system with technical branched i-C10E5 exhibits very long and for compositions near optimum solubilization, i.e. the minimum content of surfactant needed for a bicontinuous microemulsion, extremely long times for equilibration. In addition to visual observation, qualitative measurements of turbidity were performed with a UV-Vis spectrometer for characterizing the behavior of this unusually sluggish system. Isothermal phase diagrams at 20, 25 and 30?C yielded inconsistent results after the change of temperature and the application of mechanical stress for different treatment of the samples. Ternary mixtures of water, toluene, and Lutensol ON 50 seem to form long-living metastable states. The sluggishness and the ambiguous phase behavior of the system are discussed. Inconsistent results are attributed to the slow kinetics of the formation and destruction of liquid crystals and the ability of the system to form miniemulsions within an unusual concentration range. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI 17205]
The applicability of Peleg?s model was investigated for predicting mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration (OD) process of pears, at different concentrations (40%, 60% and 70% w/w) and temperatures (20?C, 35?C and 50?C) of sucrose solution. Increase in sucrose solution concentration resulted in higher water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG) values through the osmotic treatment period. After 360 minutes of osmotic treatment of pears, WL ranges from 23.71 % to 31.68 % at 20?C, from 24.80 % to 40.38 % at 35?C and from 33.30 % to 52.07 % at 50 ?C of initial weight of pears. The increase of dry mass of the samples, SG, after 360 minutes of osmotic treatment ranges from 3.02 % to 6.68 % at 20?C, from 4.15 % to 7.71 % at 35?C and from 5.00 % to 8.92 % at 50?C. Peleg?s rate constants k1WL and k1SG, decreased with increasing temperature, as well as decreased with increasing concentration of osmotic solution at constant temperature. Both capacity constants k2WL and k2SG also exhibits the inverse relationship between capacity constant and temperature, as well as concentration of the osmotic solution. The Peleg?s rate constants for WL and SG at all temperatures followed Arrhenius type relationship. The model predicted equilibrium values were very close to experimental ones, which is confirmed with high coefficients of determination and by the residual analysis. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31055]
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