Prophylactic ILP with melphalan cannot be recommended as an adjunct to standard surgery in high-risk primary limb melanoma.

Our results suggest that cytoreductive surgery + intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion is a well-tolerated, feasible and promising alternative in the management of selected patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, but further randomized controlled studies are needed in order to confirm our findings.

566 stage-II melanoma patients treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy, were analyzed to evaluate the prognosis. Among the criteria considered, four were significantly associated with survival when considered as single factors: growth pattern, levels of invasion, the number of involved lymph nodes, and the extent of metastatic growth. As regards growth pattern, the observed 5-year survival rates were 41.9% for superficial spreading melanoma and 20.5% for nodular melanoma (P = 10(-3)). As regards levels, the 5-year survival rates were as follows: level II, 20.9%; level III, 33.1%; level IV, 43.2%; level V, 10.2% (P = 10(-3)). Patients with a partial node metastasis had 64.5% 10-year survival, while those with extension beyond the capsule had 32.6% 10-year survival (P = 10(-9). Patients with one metastatic node had 43.4% 10-year survival, and patients with three or more positive nodes had 26.0% 10-year survival (P = 10(-9)). Multifactorial analysis shows that growth pattern and extent of node metastases significantly affect survival (P = 10(-2) and P = 10(-4), respectively) while the number of involved nodes turns to borderline P-value (0.051) and the levels are no longer significant (P = 0.4).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not, using sensitive analytical methods for the measurement of coagulation and fibrinolysis enzyme activity, there was a hypercoagulable state in patients with melanoma, and whether differences existed between those with or without metastases. Seventy-one patients were studied, 45 with localized tumors (stages Ia and Ib) and 26 with metastases (stages II-IV). Plasma level of activated factor VII, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, fibrinopeptide A, plasmin-antiplasmin complex and D-dimer were much higher in the whole group of 71 patients than in 45 controls with benign nevi. However, when melanoma patients with or without metastases were compared, there were smaller differences, with only thrombin-antithrombin complex, plasmin-antiplasmin and D-dimer significantly higher in metastatic melanoma. These results indicate that in patients carrying a tumor endowed with high procoagulant activity in vitro, there is a laboratory picture of hypercoagulability with secondary hyperfibrinolysis in vivo. However, differences between patients with localized and metastatic tumors for markers of hypercoagulability are not striking, in spite of the fact that metastatic cells support greater coagulant activity than primary cells in vitro.

No abstract

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a common event that develops in the natural history of many neoplastic diseases, representing a major problem encountered in cancer, management. Peritoneal seedings are often associated with neoplastic ascites resulting in a source of significant discomfort to the patient. Considered in the past as a terminal condition, peritoneal carcinomatosis was approached during the last two decades as a curable disease. The introduction of cytoreductive surgery or peritonectomy in the treatment of peritoneal neoplastic diseases drastically changed the natural history of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Another technique that showed an important impact on disease control is intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion, one of the most fascinating treatments of peritoneal carcinomatosis that results in an impressive increase in overall survival and quality of life in treated patients with low morbidity. This review illustrates the modality of dissemination of peritoneal carcinomatosis in relation to the primary tumor site and grade of malignancy. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a term used to define an advanced stage of many abdominal neoplastic diseases that differ in biologic aggressiveness and prognosis. The different presentation of peritoneal carcinomatosis in relation to a different primary tumor and different grade of malignancy strongly influences the potentially therapeutic radical approaches using new and advanced modalities like cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion.

One hundred forty patients affected by high risk or locally advanced melanoma of the extremities were submitted to hyperthermic perfusion in extracorporeal circulation at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy. Using adequate temperature and drug dosage, we increased survival of stage IIIA patients from 8-15% to 51% and stage IIIAB patients from 7-8% to 35%, and good local control was achieved in stage IV patients. A comparison was made with 297 patients with similar disease treated in a previous period in this institute with conventional therapies such as surgery with or without chemotherapy. In stage IIIA patients we obtained 51% overall survival at 5 years in perfused cases, whereas survival in the series with conventional treatment reached 16%. Similarly, in stage IIIAB patients we observed 34% (perfused) versus 16% (conventional treatment) survival. There are still no data available for high-risk stage I, in which perfusion is employed as an adjuvant treatment.

Background. Utilization of alpha‐tumor necrosis factor (α‐TNF) in clinical practice is limited by severe general side effects. Very promising results with low toxicity were reported with administration of α‐TNF by isolation perfusion in extracorporeal circulation. Methods. From December 1991 to November 1992, 14 patients underwent perfusion with α‐TNF (2–4 mg, total dose), gamma‐interferon (1.5 × 106 IU), and melphalan (10 mg/1/perfused limb). Twelve patients presented intransit metastases of the limbs, one patient, a clear cell sarcoma of the hand, and one patient, a wide spindle cell carcinoma of the thigh. Perfusion lasted 90 minutes and was conducted in mild hyperthermia (38–40.5°C, muscle temperature). Results. Nine complete regressions and four stable diseases were recorded. In one case, a reliable evaluation of response was not possible for diffused tissue necrosis. Five patients relapsed or progressed locally from 3 to 4 months after surgery, five presented distant localizations from 2 to 7 months after surgery, and one died of disease 6 months after perfusion. Twelve patients are alive, seven without evidence of disease. A septic‐like shock syndrome was observed in all patients and required administration of dopamine, dobutamine, or noradrenaline. One patient died 30 days after perfusion from a multiorgan‐failure syndrome, likely due to α‐TNF. The follow‐up time ranges from 4 to 15 months (median, 6). Conclusions. The preliminary, impressive results reported in other series were not completely confirmed in this study adopting the same treatment scheme. Further clinical experience and biologic data are needed to state the real efficacy of the approach and to reduce the severe general toxicity consistently associated with this type of treatment.