The primary purpose of this study is to investigate politeness as the culture-specific phenomenon, the actual manifestations of it in the Indian version of English. The study distinguishes some politeness fixed formulae in Indian English on the basis of the Speech Acts theory. It focuses on such culturally determined politeness patterns in Indian English as appeals and blessings, their functions and language features as compared with the ones in the standard version of British English. The use of polite appeals and blessings in Indian English is greatly influenced by age and gender restrictions and a traditional family structure with a Patrilineal background which has been followed since long ago. The choice of appeals and blessings in social interactions mainly depends on their basic strategies as speech acts. The study shows the points where two different lingua-cultures never meet.SHS Web of Conferences 69, 00069 (2019)
The state corporations play an important role in the Russian economy today, being the breakthrough points of economic growth. They create the base for ensuring effective stabilization policy in the country and provide the sustainable development of the national economy in the long term. A state corporation is founded after drafting and passing the law at the federal level, which is its general founding document. A public corporation in Russia was understood as a conceptually new type of a nonprofit organization. Later, the Federal law on nonprofit organizations has been amended whereby a public corporation is regarded as a nonprofit organization founded by the state, which is paying material contribution and forming managerial staff. There have been determined the main stages of evolution of the state corporations in the Russian economy that show periods of their arising, intensive development and structural transformation. There have been given and systematized the general characteristics, which stipulate the specific conditions for establishing their institutional status. There have been listed legal and regulatory characteristics of the state corporations. It has been stated that the state corporation receiving funds directly from the budget doesn’t have to provide full information about its activities. There have been given examples of real corporations of a business entity which is a part of a company’s name. Such business entities don’t have a status of a state corporation, but bear a corresponding abbreviation in their names. The names of big industrial holding companies may contain the word “corporation”, as well. There has been given a comparative analysis of state corporations and other corporate structures on such criteria as a form of business organization, ownership situation, methods of state governing and control, business openness, and others.
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