This article discusses the prospects for the development of sustainable tourism as an element of the network system in Okinsky District, Republic of Buryatia, RF. Before COVID-19-related restrictions, the number of tourists in this area increased annually, which was associated with the attractiveness of this terrain for visitors. The potential of the tourism sector of Okinsky District comes from the combination of a large number of natural resources. The area has rich water resources, including rivers, lakes, waterfalls, and mineral springs, with well-preserved mountainous landscapes accompanied by a centuries-old cultural and ethnic heritage. Due to Okinsky District’s specific border location and remoteness, the area has a very large number of places for recreation. The objective of our work is to clarify key factors hindering the development of tourism in the district. The study is aimed at examining the state of natural objects and determining their importance for locals, vacationers, and the district as a whole. In this regard, a problem integrity scope and a networked approach to the accompanying analysis reveal the mechanisms that contribute to the conservation of biological diversity of natural objects and their rational, scientifically grounded use in the tourism industry in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The set of problems that impede the active promotion of tourism were identified. However, these problems are typical not only for the studied district but also many other remote areas of the Russian Federation.
This paper aims to identify details of interaction and mutual influence of tourism and transport infrastructure development using a combination of sociological and statistical methods. For the analysis, five key sites were selected in several parts of Siberia, differing in natural, socio-economic, and ethnocultural quality, but possessing the presence of compact indigenous communities that reproduce traditional forms of both cultural life and economic activity. While each community has its own unique culture and resources for development, several similar characteristics were revealed. It has been revealed that tourists themselves and workers of the tourism sector, including local residents, are unequivocal supporters of transportation system development. A significant part of the population, recognizing the need and advantages of having a well-functioning transport infrastructure, expresses a negative attitude towards easy accessibility of the territory for outsiders who violate the rules and regime for usage of natural resources and augment economic and cultural competition for the local population. Understanding key processes of interrelations, both explicit and hidden, concomitant to socioeconomic development of remote indigenous communities, with the simultaneous development of tourism and transport, allows the authors to propose a model outline of attitudes of local communities towards tourist and transport perspectives in the territory of their residence.
The article analyzes the state of the construction industry in the modern Russian economy. The authors determined that construction products are the basis for the economic growth of the state, where the main condition is expanded reproduction, which is ensured through investment and the construction of new facilities and facilities. The main growth instruments for the development of the construction industry were government programs to support the construction of new housing, government support for mortgage programs in residential construction, and the launch of national infrastructure development projects in the regions. The most important role of automation and computerization systems, the latest measuring technology, automated control systems for technological processes in the implementation of technological processes in the construction industry is outlined. BIM technology is described that allows the creation of three-dimensional building models to represent the physical and functional properties of the project. The article presents the problems of the industry, which are solved with the help of innovative technologies, and lists the types of innovations in construction.
Transport provision in remote territories is one of the most important factors in maintaining the sustainability of socio-economic and ecological systems. Indigenous peoples of Siberia have always been mobile using diverse traditional ways across the taiga. During the Soviet period, the transition to settled life, along with technological development and the emergence of new modes of transport, such as off-road cars, snowmobiles, and motor boats, significantly affected the level of population mobility, including remote areas where people are engaged in traditional nature management. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were significant changes and reductions in the subsidies of transportation systems for remote terrains that made them isolated. Transport connectivity has been realized through rare plane flights (once a month or less) or by cars on dirt roads (actually off-road) that take several days of travel. Siberian territories rich with natural resources, low population density, and weak infrastructure might be attractive for mining companies. Being difficult to access not only for the local population, but also for industrial companies, the territories imply the allocation of a significant share of road construction and transport costs in the cost items of miners and processors. The problems of sustainability and resilience of the indigenous peoples of Siberia require special attention when restructuring transport communications, but they have practically not been studied before. Methods of in-depth and group interviews with local residents were used. Based on comparative geographic and statistical analysis and generalization of data, network and problem approaches applied for various sources and field materials (including in-depth and group interviews), the factors of sustainability and resilience, which the indigenous communities of three remote Siberian territories pin their hopes on in the context of the transformation of transportation infrastructure, have been identified. If geographic remoteness remains an unchanged fact, the expansion of desired transport accessibility (mainly due to investments by industrial companies) is associated by locals with the possibility of additional income related to provision of services, the emergence of new types of employment of the population that have not been observed before, and the implementation of new transport modes to support traditional activities.
Often network science with complex networks as its basic entity has attracted scientific societies with their diverse practical capacities. Some entities (objects, processes, and data) having their built-in web nature might be considered as networks seamlessly. Contrary, network mapping for Network –Unlike Data (NUD), i.e. images and time series, is extremely complicated and manifold, so that explorers face with a tough problem which converting algorithm they should apply. We put in central focus separating data properties in line with their scale diversity – in distance, time, and nature and suggested a three step algorithm (scale-based one) to map NUD into complex networks. The algorithm was applied to networkalize two types of geographic maps of Olkhon district, Baikal Natural Territory, Irkutsk region, Russian Federation. It was underlined that the algorithm models coarse-graining and area-like linking and forms thoroughly output structures of really complex topologies with intrinsic scale-free and small world properties. In addition to simple examples transformation of NUD into multiplex networks is considered as a promising approach to study more complex systems of the real world. Networkalization concerned challenges in extracting the pertinent information from huge data resources conveyed by a network imprint for each file is also discussed.
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