This paper aims to identify details of interaction and mutual influence of tourism and transport infrastructure development using a combination of sociological and statistical methods. For the analysis, five key sites were selected in several parts of Siberia, differing in natural, socio-economic, and ethnocultural quality, but possessing the presence of compact indigenous communities that reproduce traditional forms of both cultural life and economic activity. While each community has its own unique culture and resources for development, several similar characteristics were revealed. It has been revealed that tourists themselves and workers of the tourism sector, including local residents, are unequivocal supporters of transportation system development. A significant part of the population, recognizing the need and advantages of having a well-functioning transport infrastructure, expresses a negative attitude towards easy accessibility of the territory for outsiders who violate the rules and regime for usage of natural resources and augment economic and cultural competition for the local population. Understanding key processes of interrelations, both explicit and hidden, concomitant to socioeconomic development of remote indigenous communities, with the simultaneous development of tourism and transport, allows the authors to propose a model outline of attitudes of local communities towards tourist and transport perspectives in the territory of their residence.
The paper is devoted to ethno-cultural landscapes of the Republic of Tuva. Ethnocultural landscapes (ECLs) are specific socio-environmental systems that developed as a result of the interaction of ethnic groups with their natural and social environments and are in a constant process of transformation. An attempt is made to identify the mechanisms of the formation, functioning and dynamics of ethnocultural landscapes in the specific conditions of the intracontinental cross-border mountain region, as well as to establish the main factors-catalysts of their modern changes. For the first time an attempt is made to delimit and map the ethnocultural landscapes of Tuva. For this, literary sources, statistical data and thematic maps of different times are analyzed using geoinformation methods. The results of 2014-2018 field studies are also used, during which interviews with representatives of different ethno-territorial, gender, age and social groups were taken. It is revealed that the key factors of Tuva’s ethnocultural landscape genesis are the natural isolation of its territory; the features of its landscape structure; the role of government; population migrations from other regions and the cultural diffusion provoked by them. 13 ethnocultural landscapes are identified at the regional level. Their modern transformation is determined by the shift of climatic cycles, aridisation, globalisation of sociocultural processes, changes in economic specialisation and ethnopsychological stereotypes.
The article proposes a methodology for assessing the recreational potential of water objects and their coasts. Such an assessment makes it possible to identify territories and water areas in which maximum concentrations of natural properties useful for recreational activities are localized. This is important when making investment decisions. The evaluation method proposed by the authors is based on a point approach, which allows combining difficultly comparable properties of aquatic (and near-aquatic) geosystems. Evaluation criteria for the methodology are selected using the expert method. For this purpose, a group of international experts in the field of recreational geography was involved in the study. The ranking of criteria by a degree of priority was carried out using the hierarchy analysis method (and using the Expert Choice software). As a result, 27 of the most significant criteria were selected, allowing evaluation of the water body (with its coastal zone) in terms of its suitability for beach-bathing, balneological, hunting and fishing recreation, eco-tourism, as well as physical and landscape-aesthetic properties. The received score on all indicators allows carrying the estimated water object to this or that rank of usefulness for the organization of recreational activity with the help to the corresponding scale of ranging.
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