Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the most common cause of death in working-age women. According to the results of immunohistochemical studies, 10�20% of cases revealed a triple-negative type of breast cancer. This subtype is characterized by significant proliferative activity and growth rate, aggressive clinical course, and early metastasis. This leads to a suspicious prognosis and, accordingly, encourages an increase of surgical treatment radicalism and aggressive systemic treatment. This review briefly analyzes existing treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer with a focus on surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is an integral part of complex therapy. Currently, the attention of researchers is focused not only on the radicalism of the operation, ensuring long-term survival, but also on achieving a good cosmetic result that determines the quality of life of patients. In this aspect, organ-preserving and prosthetic methods of operations are promising, the feasibility and effectiveness of which are being discussed. The relevance of choosing the optimal method of operation is evidenced by the lack of generally accepted approaches based on informative markers for the prognosis of the course of the disease. Therefore, the choice of the optimal method of surgical treatment taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the tumor, indications for chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remains an unresolved issue and requires further research.
На моделі радіаційних уражень шкіри у щурів визначено терапевтичну ефективність локально уведених культивованих/кріоконсервованих мезенхімальних стромальних клітин кісткового мозку за прискоренням загоєння та зменшенням площі уражених ділянок у 2,6 рази без виникнення радіаційних виразок.
Abstract. Purpose – to study modern approaches used in the world's oncology clinics for medical and psychological support and rehabilitation of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) at various stages of anticancer treatment. Materials and methods. During the research, available abstract and full-text publications were used, which had been obtained as a result of an information search for 2014–2022 in international databases (PubMed; ScienceDirect; Wiley Online Library; Google Scholar; Directory of Open Access Journals). Results. It has been established that modern scientific sources present conflicting data regarding the psychological states of patients with CRC, from emotional well-being to high levels of distress, anxiety and depression. Foreign scientists are developing and offering various directions of assistance to this group of patients, aimed at the patient's acceptance of the stoma; awareness of the psychological mechanisms of the disease, reduction of the level of distress and anxiety, restoration of interpersonal relations. The programs available in the literature are focused on supporting patients, increasing their physical activity and social aspects of the rehabilitation process after discharge from the hospital, reducing pain syndrome at the palliative stage by using the latest modern computer technologies. The proposed programs are safe for patients and feasible, but vary in effectiveness. Conclusions. Psychological assistance to patients with CRC should include individual and group psychological support for both the patient and their relatives, which will be provided at all stages of the treatment process, namely, preparation for surgical intervention, after surgery, accompanying patients at the stages of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and in case of relapse and continuation of the disease, transition to palliative medicine. Keywords: oncology, colorectal cancer, psychological stress, distress, quality of life, psychological support, rehabilitation of cancer patients.
Background. The spread of metastasis (metastasizing) is the leading cause of cancerrelated death, and the ability of tumor cells to migrate through surrounding tissue and to intravasate into blood or lymphatic vessels is an important interim step in the transition from localized to systemic disease. In 5% to 10% of all cases of advanced cancer, metastatic lesions are detected before the primary tumor. The cellular basis of metastasis is the ability of tumor cells to leave the primary focus and to enter systemic circulation, i.e., the so-called circulating tumor cells. Early detection of these cells is of high diagnostic value and may serve as a specific prognostic marker of treatment effectiveness. Therefore, it is a rationale for review and analysis of state-of-the-art information on approaches to quantitative and qualitative analysis of circulating tumor cells. Aim – to characterize current diagnostic and therapeutic potential of isolation of circulating tumor cells. Materials and methods. Literature search was performed with the following keywords: circulating tumor cells, metastases, migration and invasion, technologies of circulating tumor cells isolation, receptor-ligand interactions of circulating tumor cells. On the second stage, article abstracts were screened and non-relevant publications were excluded. On the third stage, full-text articles were assessed for meeting the inclusion criteria for the list of references and for the relevance of studies. Results and discussion. As compared with conventional biopsy, the study of circulating tumor cells is a relatively inexpensive and non-invasive method, so it can be repeated many times during therapy, which makes this technique a powerful tool for monitoring the development of cancer. Given the low number of circulating tumor cells in whole peripheral blood, their isolation is a decisive step for further analysis. Monitoring the content of circulating tumor cells during therapy is a tool that allows you to evaluate the development of the disease in real time, even before the appearance of obvious clinical signs of relapse. A decrease in the number of circulating tumor cells after surgery and/or chemotherapy is likely to be a sign of remission. In contrast, an increase in the number of circulating tumor cells indicates a reactivation of the disease, which should lead to a re-examination of therapy. Conclusions. Early detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells is a new strategy for predicting and identifying the recurrence of cancer pathology. Circulating tumor cells detected before and after adjuvant therapy, radiotherapy, or surgical resection of the primary tumor have been described as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence and death.
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