Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the most common cause of death in working-age women. According to the results of immunohistochemical studies, 10�20% of cases revealed a triple-negative type of breast cancer. This subtype is characterized by significant proliferative activity and growth rate, aggressive clinical course, and early metastasis. This leads to a suspicious prognosis and, accordingly, encourages an increase of surgical treatment radicalism and aggressive systemic treatment. This review briefly analyzes existing treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer with a focus on surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is an integral part of complex therapy. Currently, the attention of researchers is focused not only on the radicalism of the operation, ensuring long-term survival, but also on achieving a good cosmetic result that determines the quality of life of patients. In this aspect, organ-preserving and prosthetic methods of operations are promising, the feasibility and effectiveness of which are being discussed. The relevance of choosing the optimal method of operation is evidenced by the lack of generally accepted approaches based on informative markers for the prognosis of the course of the disease. Therefore, the choice of the optimal method of surgical treatment taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the tumor, indications for chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remains an unresolved issue and requires further research.
Objective. Elaboration of prophylactic measures for complications after radical operations in patients, suffering mammary gland cancer, and estimation of its efficacy.
Materials and methods. Immediate results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 147 patients, suffering mammary gland cancer, and distributed, depending on perioperative treatment methods, into: the1st (comparison group) - 92 women-patients, to whom a standard treatment was applied, the second one (main group) - 55 women-patients, in whom complex of prophylactic measures was applied, including organizational, as well as compressive and medicinal therapy.
Results. Application of complex of prophylactic measures was accompanied by reduction of the development rate of postoperative oedema from 50% (comparison group) to 25% (p=0.003), the seroma’s formation - from 29 to 11% (p=0.010), development and severity of postmastectomy syndrome, lymphorrhea - from 29 to 18% (p=0,131) and the wounds complications - from 25 to 7.3% (p=0.007).
Conclusion. After radical operations with the lymph node dissection in patients, suffering mammary gland cancer, the early morbidity rate is rather high, and mainly connected with lymphovenous drainage outflow. The complex of measures, aiming at minimization of the patients’ stationary stay, early extraction of draining tubes, early activation of the patients, the improved compressive and medicinal therapy permits to reduce the rate and severity of morbidity and to accelerate the patients’ recovery and reconvalescence.
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