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The present study was designed to evaluate the state wise Basmati and non-Basmati rice production performance in India. The study is based on the time series data on area production and yield which were compiled from various sources for a period of 39 years (1980-81 to 2018-19). The sate wise analysis considers for the major basmati and non-basmati production sates by merging the newly divide states to parents’ sates like Telangana to AP etc. While considering overall period in basmati area (6.01%) production (10.55%) and yield (4.28%) shows positive growth rate with 1 per cent level of significance. Allover India shows positive growth rate like area (0.24%), production (1.95%) and Productivity (1.70%) with 1 per cent level of significance. For India, in overall period it is more stable as Area (2.89), Production (6.07) and yield (4.5) give low instability percent. Special attention program is need to enhance the production of rice in Assam and Orissa were two states are in lowest category in terms of productivity, so effects may be taken to increase the productivity in Assam and further increase from medium to high productivity states in case of Andhra Pradesh.

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The tight focusing properties of a radially polarized Gaussian beam with a nested pair of vortices having a radial wave front distribution are investigated theoretically by the vector diffraction theory. The results show that the optical intensity in the focal region can be altered considerably by changing the location of the vortices nested in a radially polarized Gaussian beam. It is noted that focal evolution from one annular focal pattern to a highly confined focal spot in the transverse direction is observed corresponding to the change in the location of the optical vortices in the input plane. It is also observed that the generated focal hole or spot lead to a focal shift along the optical axis remarkably under proper radial phase modulation. Hence the proposed system may be applied to construct tunable optical traps for both high and low refractive index particles.

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India is the world's largest producer and leading exporter of basmati rice. India produces about 70 per cent of the total world basmati rice production and the rest is produced by Pakistan. During 2017-18 the country has exported globally about 40.56 Lakh tonnes of Basmati Rice and 86.48 Lakh tonnes for Non-Basmati rice, the worth of 268.70 billion and 229.68 billion respectively. Basmati rice has got good export demand and fetches good export price in international markets due to such uniqueness. The higher price of basmati rice in international market made basmati rice as export competitive product. The present study is to analyze the export performance and its competitiveness of basmati non-basmati rice in India. In this paper rice trade dynamics of changes in terms of value of exports of basmati and non-basmati rice from India to different export markets have been measured by employing the Markov-Chain model. U.A.E. and Saudi Arabia are found to be stable destinations for Indian basmati rice exports from Markov-Chain results. Whereas, Benin, Bangladesh and UAE are found to be major destinations for non-basmati rice exports. The most unstable markets among the non-basmati rice importing countries were Cote D Ivoire and Liberia with the zero per cent retention. In order to sustain in the international market, Indian export price needs to be competitive besides improvement in quality and sanitary standards.

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