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Supplies of fresh water in everyday life has increased, but the smaller the potential sources of water so we need to think of alternative uses of water for concrete construction work. This study aims to compare the compressive strength of concrete using sea water and fresh water with water cement ratio of 0.37. An experimental research was conducted by making specimens of concrete cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm and height of 300 mm. The study used specimens of concrete using sea water and fresh water. There were 32 specimens for each kind of concrete. The treatment of each specimen used sea water and fresh water in accordance with the type of mixing water. The immersion periods were 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. Mechanical testing of concrete was conducted by testing the compressive strength and elasticity, while the testing of concrete microstructure was conducted by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that in the 28-day immersion period. The compressive strength values of the sea water concrete and fresh water concrete were 44.88 MPa and 44.03 Mpa respectively. The difference of compressive strength in the two types of concrete was not significant. The result of microstructure test in the 28-day period revealed that in the sea water concrete, there was a formation of Friedel’s salt (3CaO.Al2O3.CaCl2.10H2O) of 7.71%, tobemorite (3CaO.2SiO2.3H2O) of 58.66% and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) of 6.18%. In the fresh water concrete, there was a formation of tobermorite (3CaO.2SiO2.3H2O) of 51.35%, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) of 22%. There was no formation of Friedel’s salt in the fresh water concrete because there was no mutual reaction between chloride and calcium hydroxide elements. From the regression analysis, showed that the difference of microstructure compressive strength differences caused by differences in the microstructure of the content of the two types of concrete.

Ageing of asphalt mixture occurs during the production and construction, and it will continue until the end of the pavement lifetime. Modified Butonic bitumen consists of petroleum bitumen and extracted bitumen from natural asphalt was used as a binding material to produce asphalt concrete binder course (AC-BC). This study purposed to predict the effect of long-term ageing on volumetric parameters of asphalt concrete binder course mixture using an artificial laboratory test. Three different treatments were conducted, the first treatment without the ageing process as the control specimen, the second and third treatments used oven heating as the artificial ageing process for 2 and 4 days 85°C. After ageing process completion, the volumetric parameters were determined by the value of the void in the mixture (VIM), void of mineral aggregates (VMA) and the void filled with asphalt binder (VFB).

Inundation due to heavy rain often disturbs traffic flow and porous pavement as a wearing course is one solution to overcome standing water. This asphalt mixture uses an open gradation which is dominated by coarse aggregate with an air cavity content ranging from 20% - 25%. In Indonesia, according to the Indonesian Solid Waste Association (2013), this type of plastic waste ranks second with 5.4 million tons per year and is ranked second in the world as a producer of marine plastic waste after China. This research tries to use plastic waste as an added material in the porous asphalt mixture where the gradation of porous asphalt refers to REAM Specifications, 2008. The type of plastic used is Low Density Polyethilene (LDPE). The levels of plastic waste used were 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of the total weight of the mixture. Marshall and Cantabro characteristics tests were conducted to evaluate the resulting mixture. The results of this study indicate that the stability value meets the REAM specifications, namely 350 - 800 kg. Marshall test results with the use of LDPE plastic waste as an additive to the test object meet the characteristics of Marshall except for Marshall Quotient (MQ) and voids filled with bitumen (VFB).

This research aims to examine feasibility of local material of limestone as asphalt pavement aggregate and also Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA) was used for petroleum bitumen partial replacement in the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture. The research method used is a laboratory experimental. Density of asphalt mix determined by void in mix (VIM) referred to Bina Marga specification, i.e. minimum 2,5%. The results showed that all of the mixtures meet the standard density which compacted by 2 × 75 blows. The secondary density was evaluated by using the specimen compacted with 2 × 200 blows. The secondary density AC-WC mix used limestone and petroleum bitumen pen. 60/70 binder did not meet the Bina Marga requirements, while AC-WC mix used limestone, petroleum bitumen pen. 60/70 and 10,5% BGA satisfied the stipulade of Bina Marga requirements.

This study aims to analyze the effect of curing on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil. This research is experimental in the laboratory. Geopolymer mortar was produced using straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil with a percentage ratio of 16.67: 41.67: 41.67. The alkaline activator used is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a concentration of 12 M. The compressive strength test of 5 × 10 cm cylinders is used to evaluate the geopolymer mortar mixture produced at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days with curing, namely air and water curing. The results showed that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar increased along with the increasing age of each curing. The compressive strength values produced in air curing 3, 7 and 28 days were respectively 1.64 N/mm2, 1.72 N/mm2 and 3.22 N/mm2. While water curing, the resulting compressive strength values for each curing are 1.03 N/mm2, 1.63 N/mm2 and 1.68 N/mm2. At the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days, there was an increase in the compressive strength values from water curing to air curing, which were 0.37%, 5.23% and 47.82%, respectively. It can be seen that the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash and laterite soil in air curing is greater than that of water curing.