The grassland area of Romania covers over 4.8 million hectares, of which more than a half are located in upland areas. In the present research it has been studied the influence of organic fertilization on the productivity, vegetal canopy and fodder quality of the intramontane Depression of Vatra Dornei, from the North-Eastern Romanian Carpathians, at rates of 20-50 Mg ha-1, applied either on a yearly basis, or every two years. The purpose of this study is to underline the dynamics of productivity and phytocenosis biodiversity, due to the application of some practical, technical measures meant to improve the production and fodder quality of Nardus stricta L. permanent grasslands, with minimal effects on the environment. The organic fertilizer rates triggered changes in the canopy structure by reducing the percentage of Nardus stricta L species, from 70% to 14-31%, and increasing the percentage of legumes, as well as the productivity and fodder quality 5-30%, respectively.
This investigation examines the influence of fertilization with organic and mineral fertilizers on the biodiversity of grasslands containing Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris and Nardus stricta. Permanent meadows were studied in terms of production of food, and of biodiversity. The current strategy of using organic fertilizers has raised concerns about resource conservation and environmental protection. The increase in the number of species is due to the fertilizers that have been applied leading to changes in the soil fertility status. This change in soil fertility has allowed other mesotrophic and eutrophic species to become established in fertilized meadows. In Romania, meadows belonging to this category occupy an area of approximately 1,600,000 hectares and have relatively low production rates. The experiment was located at Pojorata, Suceava County (Romania), in two different natural grasslands that had different floristic compositions. Manure improved the growth of a number of species, especially in the "plants from other botanical families" category, because of the pool of seeds that it contains. Using a management system based on fertilization with small amounts of organic and mineral fertilizers can help preserve the biodiversity of these meadows. The results of this study, in an area considered representative for large parts of the mountainous areas of Romania, indicated that fertilization treatments were able to maintain a high species diversity.
Alternative use of alfalfa, for various purposes, including the production of biofuels or food supplement for human alimentation, is a study topic still in its early stages of research. Studying and understanding the biology of alfalfa and the factors with a major influence on it are very important activities. The productivity and quality of alfalfa are two indicators that help determine, in addition to economic value, the way in which alfalfa can be used. Evolution of alfalfa yield and quality depends on many factors, such as the growth stage of alfalfa plants at harvesting. It was observed over three years of vegetation the influence of alfalfa plant growth stage at harvest on plant height, leaves/stems ratio, production of leaves, stems and whole plant (DM - dry matter) per hectare and on quality indicators (CP - crude protein, NDF - neutral detergent fiber and ADF - acid detergent fiber). The results showed that, with the advancement of phenological phases, from early bud stage to complete flowering, the total biomass output raised from 2.79 Mg·ha-1 to 4.60 Mg·ha-1, the neutral detergent fiber raised from 48.4-50.6% to 62.0-67.7%, while crude protein content decreased from 21.2-24.0% to 13.3-16.5%. The parameter values were correlated with alfalfa growth stage during the harvesting (significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels).
The semi-natural grasslands in Romanian mountains are particularly important for the sustainable development of this region. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of mineral and manure fertilization upon the sward in order to recommend certain versions which have minor repercussions upon the plant diversity. In this study, we examined the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on the production, biodiversity and quality of green fodder. The experiment was set up in mountain grassland of Festuca rubra L. and Agrostis capillaris L., during five years. In the experiment was evaluated the effects of management treatments on productivity, biodiversity and quality of the forage grass. The rate applications of fertilizers determine the number of species and the rate of production. The small quantities of organic and mineral nutrients (10 t·ha-1 manure and 30 kg·ha-1 nitrogen) can lead to larger yields while at the same time, improving biodiversity conservation and the quality of forage. Using a low input-based management system can be a solution that will lead to higher yields and contribute to biodiversity conservation and the good quality of the forage. In conclusion the use of a fertilizer management regime based on small quantities of organic and mineral nutrients can lead to larger yields while at the same time, improving biodiversity conservation and the quality of forage.
Alternative use of alfalfa, for various purposes, including the production of biofuels or food supplement for human alimentation, is a study topic still in its early stages of research. Studying and understanding the biology of alfalfa and the factors with a major influence on it are very important activities. The productivity and quality of alfalfa are two indicators that help determine, in addition to economic value, the way in which alfalfa can be used. Evolution of alfalfa yield and quality depends on many factors, such as the growth stage of alfalfa plants at harvesting. It was observed over three years of vegetation the influence of alfalfa plant growth stage at harvest on plant height, leaves/stems ratio, production of leaves, stems and whole plant (DM -dry matter) per hectare and on quality indicators (CP -crude protein, NDF -neutral detergent fiber and ADFacid detergent fiber). The results showed that, with the advancement of phenological phases, from early bud stage to complete flowering, the total biomass output raised from 2.79 Mg·ha -1 to 4.60 Mg·ha -1, the neutral detergent fiber raised from 48.4-50.6% to 62.0-67.7%, while crude protein content decreased from 21.2-24.0% to 13.3-16.5%. The parameter values were correlated with alfalfa growth stage during the harvesting (significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels).
The research in the period 2010-2011, within the Ezareni Farm from Iasi, were focused on the influence of inoculation, fertilization and harvesting growth stage on the leaf/shoot ratio and dry matter (DM) yield, at alfalfa (Â medicago sativa L.) in the second year after sowing at the first harvest. The results indicated that the interaction between inoculation, fertilization and harvesting growth stage determined increases of yield in the range of 23-110%. The control plot where fertilization was not applied, without inoculation, which was harvested at early bud registered the lowest yield, 3.21 t/ha D.M., and the biggest yield (6.72 t/ha) was registered at the plot with inoculation, fertilized with NÂ 75P50, harvested at 10% blooming. The leaves/shoots ratio registered differences in the range of +11% to -42%, accordingly to the interaction between the inoculation, fertilization and harvesting growth stage. The highest leaves/shoots ratio, 0.64% was observed at the plot with inoculation, unfertilized, harvested late bloom, and the lowest leaves/shoots ratio (0.33) was observed at the plot without inoculation, fertilized with NÂ 75P50 harvested at full bloom.
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