Sports training causes an increased load on the musculoskeletal, hormonal and immune system, which makes maintaining homeostasis in the organism more difficult. Maintaining metabolic balance in the athlete's body is important due to the necessity to obtain high physical fitness. One factor that facilitates optimization of health and increased endurance is a balanced diet. Proper nutrition enables provision of energy-giving and body-building substances as well as bioelements and vitamins, which influence metabolic processes and play regulatory functions. Vitamin D, also called calciferol, has an impact on maintaining effectiveness of the musculoskeletal system, on mineralization of bones and on increase of mass, strength and endurance of muscles. An association between vitamin D content in the organism and levels of anabolic hormones such as insulin and testosterone has been reported. A sufficient amount of calciferol is also necessary for effective functioning of the nervous system, including keeping balance and determining the reaction time. Maintaining an adequate vitamin D level in the athlete's body is also important due to its role in mobilizing the immune system and preventing infections, to which athletes are particularly prone. The positive impact of vitamin D on physical fitness of athletes shows how important it is to maintain its adequate level in the organism. Numerous studies indicate widespread occurrence of vitamin D deficiency, including among athletes. Climatic conditions and training in halls lead to limited endogenous production of this vitamin, which shows the importance of diet as a source of vitamin D. The aim of the study is to present the role of vitamin D in preservation of health, particularly endurance and physical fitness of athletes, on the basis of currently available scientific literature.
Medical university of Gdańsk, Poland authors' contribution wkład autorów: a. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych c. Data analysis/statistics dane -analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy SummaryBackground. Running causes that people become more and more willing to engage in physical activity. It is an valid exercise that significantly decreases postprandial glycemia. the higher the training load, the more important it is to complement nutrients necessary for organism regeneration. Modern food industry provides many products that can help in resynthesis of muscle glycogen. the study presents a mutual correlation between consuming high-carbohydrate products with and without having exercise afterwards and the shape of the blood glucose curve. Material and methods. nine healthy and hard training male adult athletes participated in 2-part (P1 and P2) research: P1 with, and P2 without run. after the run, the athletes had a specified meal, after which capillary blood glucose test was taken for P1 before the run and for both groups 2-3 min, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the meal. Results. the comparison of the area under the curve (auc) at rest and after 1 hr run showed statistically significant variations after every 30 minutes period and in the overall auc. the smallest auc occurred after consuming chips and spinach pasta and the highest after potatoes, white and brown rice. Conclusions. Physical activity does not change the way glucose is released into the blood, but it lowers postprandial glycemia, especially after 30-90 minutes after training completion. this study indicates that consuming potatoes and rice leads to the highest rate of muscle glucose uptake and further faster glycogen re-synthesis after the run. accordingly, these products can be a good choice for athletes having a short break between training bouts.
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