BACKGROUNDMagnesium has been implicated as a key molecule in several mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis. Central neuronal hyperexcitability is suggested to be the pivotal physiological disturbance predisposing to migraine. In this study, the role of serum magnesium in defining the physiologic threshold for migraine and modulating the various mechanisms of migraine genesis was searched for. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study enrolled adult migraine patients of age 18 to 40 years (41 females and 29 males) with and without aura and healthy controls of the same age group. Serum magnesium levels measured in the interictal period (between attacks) in cases were compared with the results from controls. Serum calcium levels were also measured and compared in both groups. Design-Case-control study. RESULTSSerum magnesium was found to be significantly low among cases with migraine compared to controls. Serum magnesium levels showed inverse correlation with frequency of migraine attacks, implying the role of a decreased serum magnesium level in defining the susceptibility to migraine. Results also showed an association between serum magnesium and calcium levels. Serum calcium was found to be low when serum magnesium was low. CONCLUSIONMagnesium has a fundamental role in establishing the threshold for migraine headaches.
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common childhood endocrine diseases that affects nearly five lakh children below the age group of fifteen years. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) consists of a large spectrum of abnormalities affecting both peripheral and autonomic nerve function. Electrophysiological studies (NCS and EMG) are powerful tools for assessing neuropathy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (symptomatic and asymptomatic) in children suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) by means of an electrophysiological method. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a hospital based cross sectional study done on 48 type 1 diabetes patients who attended the Paediatric Endocrinology clinic at the SAT Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram. RESULTS 1. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy, by means of an electrophysiological method, in 48 children suffering from type 1 DM with a mean duration of illness 3.9 yrs. and a mean HbA1c of 9.8 % was found to be 37.5 %. 2. A clinical neuropathy with symptoms and signs was found in only 12.5% of the patients. 3. Lower limb nerves were found to be involved more frequently than upper limb nerves. 4. Sensory nerves were affected more frequently than motor nerves. CONCLUSION Electrophysiological studies should be done in all children with type 1 diabetes mellitus irrespective of their symptoms and signs of clinical neuropathy.
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the main causes for infertility. Many studies show that PCOS is associated with production of some inflammatory factors like CRP and IL - 18, which has a prognostic significance in analysing the risk of future cardiovascular diseases (CVD). American heart association (AHA) has put forward C - reactive protein (CRP) as a clinically useful marker for risk of cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies show an increased incidence of high levels of CRP in PCOS patients as compared to controls. If such an association is proved in our population, CRP can be used as an ideal marker to screen apparently normal young PCOS women for CVD. So we wanted to assess the CRP levels in PCOS through this study. METHODS This was a cross sectional study conducted in the outpatient departments of Infertility and Gynaecology in a tertiary care hospital of South India, from 2018 to 2019. It was conducted among women of age 25 - 35 years who were diagnosed to have PCOS according to Rotterdam’s criteria, satisfying inclusion criteria. Women of age 25 - 35 years without PCOS were taken as comparison group. The study was conducted in 50 PCOS women and 50 women without PCOS were taken as comparison group. Data was obtained with the help of appropriate questionnaire and laboratory investigations. CRP level was assessed by Immunoturbidimetric method. RESULTS CRP was found to be significantly elevated (P < 0.01) in PCOS (1.87 ± 2.16) when compared to women without PCOS (0.16 ± 0.4). CONCLUSIONS CRP levels were significantly higher in PCOS women as compared to women without PCOS. Thus CRP can be used as tool to assess inflammatory state in PCOS. KEYWORDS Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, C Reactive Protein, Inflammation
BACKGROUND Visual Evoked Potential may be a useful method for understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the genesis of migraine. In this study, VEP was evaluated as a tool to assess visual function in migraine with aura and without aura. MATERIALS AND METHODS 35 migraine patients (25 without aura and 10 with aura) and equal number of healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Pattern Reversal VEP using a checker board was performed and compared in the three groups. The latency and amplitude of P100, the most consistent and prominent wave of VEP were analysed. VEP parameters in migraine patients were correlated to frequency of attacks and disease duration. Design-Descriptive study. RESULTS Migraine patients with aura showed significantly prolonged VEP P100 latency compared with migraine without aura and control groups. VEP P100 latency showed significant positive correlation with both the duration and frequency of migraine attacks, the latency increasing with increased duration of migraine and more frequent attacks. CONCLUSION There is involvement of the visual system in migraine with aura rather than migraine without aura. VEP could be regarded as a useful and reliable technique for assessment of the visual dysfunction in migraine, manifesting predominantly by prolongation of P100 latency.
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