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Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. 30-40% of patients will continue to have seizures despite the use of antiepileptic drugs either alone or in combination. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide (ACZ) in albino rats and its influence on anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate.Methods: Albino rats (150-200gms) of male sex were randomly selected, from central animal facility, MMCRI, Mysore. They were divided into 6groups (per model) of 6 rats each, control group-normal saline 0.5ml, standard group-sodium valproate (300mg/kg), dose 1-ACZ (8.75mg/kg), dose 2-ACZ (17.5mg/kg) and dose 3-ACZ (35mg/kg), dose 4-ACZ (8.75mg/kg) with sodium valproate (150mg/kg). The anti-convulsant activity was screened using MES model and PTZ model.Results: Results were analysed by ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher’s LSD test. The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity at the dose of 17.5mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight and combination of ACZ 8.75mg/kg with sodium valproate 150mg/kg both in MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of ACZ was less when compared to Sodium Valproate in both MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of combination, ACZ 8.75mg/kg with Sodium valproate 150mg/kg was comparable and more significant when compared to standard drug alone in MES model and PTZ model.Conclusions: The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity in MES model and PTZ induced seizure model of epilepsy. This study has shown that ACZ potentiated the effect of sodium valproate and can be used as add on drug with sodium valproate in epilepsy.

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Background: Drugs, however safe and efficacious, are associated with risk of adverse reactions. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. ADRs was rated as the fifth leading cause of death among all diseases. Consequences of ADRs range from diminished quality of life, increased physician visits, hospitalizations, and even death. The objectives of the study were to obtain information about drug induced cutaneous adverse reactions and to establish the causal relationship.Methods: Observational cross sectional study, a total of 76 patients were recruited for the study,conducted in dermatology outpatient department of K R Hospital Mysore Medical College And Research Institute Mysore for 3 months. The drug reactions were recorded in ADR form of Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO). Causality was assessed using Naranjo algorithm and World Health Organization- Uppsala monitoring centre (WHO-UMC) criteria.Results: 76 patients with CADRs were included in the study during the 3 months study period. Most common age group with CADRs was 20-30 years; with 55.73% of females 20.26% male and the most common suspected drug group causing CADRs was antimicrobial 35.46%. And most common lesion is maculopapular rashes. According to Naranjos scale 67.30% of CADRs were probably caused by drugs.Conclusions: variety of drugs causes CADRs. Awareness among clinicians is required for active reporting of CADRs. Patients need to be educated for the cautious use of drugs causing ADRs to prevent the same.

Background: Pharmacovigilance not only helps in the early detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) but also facilitates the identification of both, risk factors and the underlying mechanism. To increase the reporting rate, it is essential to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals regarding ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance, especially during undergraduate and postgraduate education. The objective of this study was to assess the KAP about pharmacovigilance among exam-going second-year undergraduate medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 150 exam-going second-year undergraduate students from Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore from April 2022 to June 2022. A validated questionnaire consisting of 22 questions divided into 3 sections; knowledge, attitude, and practice was used. Statistical analysis of data was done using an MS excel spreadsheet.Results: Out of the 150 participants 133 had good knowledge about ADR and pharmacovigilance. Majority of the students agreed that reporting of ADRs is necessary (95.3%), mandatory (95.3%), and should be included in pharmacology practicals (94.7%). Only 29.3% of the students had witnessed an ADR and none of the participants had ever reported an ADR indicating poor practice among the undergraduate students.Conclusions: Students had good knowledge and positive attitude towards ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance. Practice regarding pharmacovigilance was found to be poor, indicating the need for training the undergraduate students in ADR reporting by including ADR recognition and reporting as a part of clinical posting curriculum.