An informative experiment involved two groups of surgeons during the endoscopic surgery training. The first group comprised the doctors with left hemisphere dominant (right-handed); the second comprised the doctors with right hemisphere dominant (left-handed). Group 1 of doctors showed better and more effective practical skills in endoscopic surgery compare to group 2. According to the results of the educational experiment, it was established that the left-handed and right-handed doctors have different psychophysiological features and they comprehend the necessary practical skills in endoscopic surgery differently. For the effective and comprehensive development of practical skills in this discipline, more attention should be paid to persons with dominance of the right cerebral hemisphere.
Кафедра оперативної хірургії та топографічної анатомії (зав.-проф. М.С. Гнатюк) Тернопільського державного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТРУКТУРНОЇ ПЕРЕБУДОВИ АРТЕРІЙ СЕРЦЕВОГО М'ЯЗА З РІЗНИМИ ТИПАМИ КРОВОПОСТАЧАННЯ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ХІМІЧНОГО ФАКТОРА Резюме. В умовах тривалої дії на організм свиней в'єтнамської породи хлориду алюмінію морфометрично досліджені особливості структурної перебудови артерій дрібного калібру шлуночків серця. Виявлено, що при змодельованій патології потовщується стінка артерій, звужується їхній просвіт, зменшується пропускна здатність цих судин та погіршується кровопостачання міокарда. В ендотеліоцитах артерій порушуються ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення, зростає відносний об'єм уражених ендотеліоцитів, що призводить до їхньої дисфункції та гіпоксії. Виявлені процеси домінують у лівому шлуночку при лівовінцевому типі кровопостачання міокарда.
ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення у кардіоміоцитах та ендотеліоцитах шлуночків легеневого серця. Встановлено, що співвідношення між ядром та цитоплазмою вказаних клітин шлуночків легеневого серця суттєво змінювалися, що свідчило про порушення клітинного структурного гомеостазу. Найвираженішими зміни ядерно-цитоплазматичних відношень виявлені у правому шлуночку декомпенсованого легеневого серця.
The structural and functional features of the tongue attract the attention of researchers who are often interested in the peculiarities of the structural organization of its arterial bed, which plays an important role in blood supply and morphogenesis of the organ in various injuries. The aim of the research was to study the age-specific features of remodeling of tongue arteries in the experimental animals. The materials of the study were the arterial vessels of the tongue of 30 laboratory albino male rats, which were under normal vivarium conditions. The test animals were divided into two groups. The 1st group consisted of 15 intact, practically healthy animals at the age of 8 months, the 2nd -15 intact rats at the age of 24 months. The euthanasia of experimental animals was carried out by bloodletting under conditions of thiopental-sodium anesthesia. The pieces were cut from the middle part of the tongue and fixed in a 10% neutral solution of formalin. The indicated pieces of tongue were carried out through the ethyl alcohol of increasing concentration and placed in paraffin blocks. After deparaffinization microtome sections 5-7 microns thick were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, by van Gizon, Mallory, Weigert, and toluidine blue. The morphometry of the arteries of the middle (external diameter 51-125 microns) and small calibers (outer diameter – 26-50 microns) of the tongue was carried out. The morphometry of the arteries of the tongue was determined by their external and internal diameters, the thickness of the mediums and adventitia, the height of the endothelial cells, their nuclei, the nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in the endothelial cells, the Kernogan index, and the relative volume of the damaged endothelial cells. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. The analysis of the obtained morphometric parameters revealed that with the age the arteries of the small caliber have changed more. The outer diameter of arteries of small caliber tongue of the 24-month-old albino rats has increased only for 1.2% and the clearance has decreased by 4.4%. An increase in the outer diameter of the examined vessels and a decrease in their lumen led to a change in the Kernogan index, which with a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) has decreased by 11.8%. The thickness of the mediums of these tongue arteries of the 24-month-old albino rats, has increased by 7.5% and the thickness of the adventitia by 6.2%. During the research in the experimental conditions, the height of the endothelial cells of the examined vessels has decreased by 2.4%, and the diameter of their nuclei – by 3.3%. There was no significant difference between the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the endothelial cells of the studied vessels in the tongue of 8-month and 24-month-old white rats, which indicated a stability of structural cellular homeostasis. The relative amount of damaged endothelial cells in the studied experimental conditions in the arteries of the middle caliber has increased by 17.3%, and of the minor caliber – by 23.7%, which is explained by their age apoptosis. The obtained results testify that with the age there is a structural reorganization (remodeling) of predominantly arteries of the small caliber of the tongue, which is characterized by thickening of their walls, narrowing of the lumen, increasing of the thickness of the mediums and adventitia. The age-related decrease of the Kernogan index of the examined vessels indicates a decrease in their physiological capacity and deterioration of the blood supply of the organ. The morphometric parameters of endothelial cells and their nuclei are altered with the age, maintaining structural cellular homeostasis. The relative amount of damaged endothelial cells in the examined vessels is also increased with the age. Proven, the degree of age-related structural rearrangement of the arterial bed of the tongue depends on the caliber of the vessels.
Summary. Relevance. Diabetic joint damage is common in the clinic. The blood vessels of the masticatory muscles that affect the morphogenesis of diabetic arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint remain poorly studied in this pathology. Objective: to study the features of remodeling of blood vessels of the masticatory muscles of the temporomandibular joint in experimental hyperglycemia by quantitative morphological methods. Materials and Methods. The study material was 45 laboratory mature white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The 1st group consisted of 15 intact apparently healthy animals, the 2nd included 15 rats with one-month diabetic angiopathy, and the 3rd had 15 rats with two-month specified pathology. Diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin from Sigma at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Euthanasia of animals was performed by bloodletting under thiopental anesthesia one and two months after the start of the experiment. The blood glucose concentration was determined. Histological micropreparations were made from the temporomandibular joint and the temporal and external pterygoid muscles. Morphometric measurements of small caliber arteries (outer diameter 26-50 μm), veins and microvessels of the hemomicrocirculatory tract were performed on muscle micropreparations; relative volumes of damaged synoviocytes and chondrocytes were determined on micropreparations of joints. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. Results and Conclusions. It was revealed that the gleam of arteries considerably decreases, their wall thickens, and endotheliocytes are damaged in the studied muscles with the modeled pathology. Venous vessels are dilated, full-blooded with a reduced wall thickness. The most pronounced changes in these experimental conditions are the structure of microvessels, which is characterized by narrowing of arterioles, precapillary arterioles and hemocapillaries, pronounced expansion of postcapillary venules and venules. Plethora, stasis, thrombosis, irregularity of the lumen, sacculation, and varicose expansions were noted in venous microvessels. Venous fullness led to hypoxia, disorders of trophism and metabolism, dystrophy, necrobiosis of muscle fibers and stromal structures, foci of infiltration and sclerosis. It was revealed that morphological changes in the vascular bed of the masticatory muscles affect the morphogenesis of diabetic arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint.
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