For successful pharmacotherapy of animals, species identification of pathogens, analysis of antibiograms and interpretation of the results, and laboratory monitoring of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are important. This is necessary for veterinarians to rationally select antibacterial drugs and predict their clinical effectiveness. In veterinary clinics, antimicrobial therapy requires review of therapeutic efficacy more often than other treatments.Klebsiella are widely distributed in nature. These microorganisms are often etiological factors in septicemia in cattle, birds, horses, pigs, as well as in the development of infectious diarrhea in young farm animals.The purpose of the study is to study the antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dogs and its practical significance for veterinary medicine.Materials and methods. The microorganism K. pneumoniae was isolated from wound contents in a dachshund dog. The dog was observed in the intensive care unit in the veterinary clinic.The sensitivity to antibacterial drugs was assessed by the method of diffusion of antibiotics into agar.Research results. In the period from 2021 to 2022, a total of 100 isolates were isolated from dogs with purulentinflammatory processes, among which 18% are gram-negative and 82% are gram-positive microorganisms, and the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation is 1%.The isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia were characterized by resistance to aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin), III generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime), IV cephalosporins (cefepime), penicillins (Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem). ), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin) and a number of other antimicrobial drugs (sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim). Klebsiella was highly sensitive only to fosfomycin.When analyzing this antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae, it is necessary to conduct additional laboratory studies in order to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and to study the mechanisms of resistance.Conclusion. Among strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wound exudate in dogs, there is a spread of resistance to most antibiotics, as well as an increase in resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems. It is necessary to carry out laboratory control of antibiotic resistance for further rational use of antibacterial drugs.
The development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is considered a modern phenomenon, which is usually caused by empirical antibiotic therapy. One of the representatives with high antibiotic resistance is staphylococcus aureus.Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics and is responsible for most nosocomial infections. This microorganism synthesizes penicillinase, an enzyme that breaks down penicillin molecules. To effectively combat Staphylococcus aureus, a modified penicillin, methicillin, was previously used, the molecule of which was not destroyed by this enzyme. However, methicillin-resistant strains of this pathogen are also known today.As part of the group of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA), there are three subgroups: nosocomial variants of MRSA, community-acquired MRSA, MRSA associated with farm animals, common among farm animals (livestockassociated MRSA, LA-MRSA). MRSA are characterized by multidrug resistance.It was previously believed that Staphylococcus intermedius is the most dangerous staphylococcus for pets. However, over the past few years it has been found that the most common is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is gaining increasing relevance. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a bacterium commonly found on the skin, mouth, nasal mucosa, and gastrointestinal tract in approximately 50% of pets. Unlike MRSA, MRSP is much more common in dogs and cats. One of the main methods of laboratory control over their spread is a monitoring study of the epizootic and epidemiological situation among animals and the population.The home environment plays a major role in the transmission of MRSA and MRSP, therefore, by taking careful measures to prevent the spread of infection, the likelihood of infection in both companion animals and humans can be reduced.The determination of sensitivity and resistance by phenotypic methods is carried out using: disk diffusion method, broth microdilution method, agar dilution method, E-test method.Laboratory methods for monitoring the mechanisms of resistance of staphylococci to methicillin include phenotypic methods using disks with oxacillin, or cefoxitin.Genotypic methods using polymerase chain reaction allow detecting the mecA, mecC gene.For a serological diagnostic method, a latex agglutination test is used to identify MRSA and MSSA (PSB2a / PSB2 spicelin-binding protein).Treatment of animals requires special attention because infections caused by multi-resistant staphylococci are more severe, chronic or latent, which increases the duration of treatment.
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